Motivation, Rationality, and Secular Purpose in Establishment Clause Review

Latridiidae of mainland France and Corsica : updated checklist of species (Coleoptera, Cucujoidea). New captures allow updating the checklist of the Latridiidae of France. Seven species are reported as new for this country : Corticaria espanyoli Otero & López, 2009, C. pinicola Brisout de Barneville, 1866, Dienerella (Cartoderema) besucheti Vincent, 1994, D. (C.) huguettae Vincent, 1991, Enicmus atriceps Hansen, 1962, E. planipennis Strand, 1940, and Metophthalmus hispanicus Reitter, 1908. An illustrated key to species of the genus Melanophthalma is also provided.De nouvelles captures permettent de compléter le catalogue des espèces de Latridiidae de la faune de France. Sept espèces sont signalées comme nouvelles pour la France : Corticaria espanyoli Otero & López, 2009, C. pinicola Brisout de Barneville, 1866, Dienerella (Cartoderema) besucheti Vincent, 1994, D. (C.) huguettae Vincent, 1991, Enicmus atriceps Hansen, 1962, E. planipennis Strand, 1940, et Metophthalmus hispanicus Reitter, 1908. Une clé illustrée des espèces du genre Melanophthalma est également fournie.Rose Olivier, Vincent Roger. Latridiidae de la faune de France continentale et de Corse : mise à jour du catalogue des espèces (Coleoptera, Cucujoidea). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 119 (1),2014. pp. 67-71

Rural Life & Engagement: Public Views from Minnesota County Fairs

This report discusses the outcome of a pilot survey of six rural county fairs and whether the county fair venue could serve as a location for conducting an annual, low-cost survey of rural Minnesota residents. The report outlines the primary findings, which show the relatively positive outlook and high level of civic engagement of survey takers, and then discusses the challenges of sampling at county fair venues. It concludes that county fairs present too many obstacles to permit representative sampling of these areas.https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/cst/1075/thumbnail.jp

Mild hypothermia in the prevention of brain edema in acute liver failure: mechanisms and clinical prospects

Mild hypothermia (32 degrees C-35 degrees C) reduces intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure and may offer an effective adjunct therapy in the management of these patients. Studies in experimental animals suggest that this beneficial effect of hypothermia is the result of a decrease in blood-brain ammonia transfer resulting in improvement in brain energy metabolism and normalization of glutamatergic synaptic regulation. Improvement in brain energy metabolism by hypothermia may result from a reduction in ammonia-induced decrease of brain glucose (pyruvate) oxidation. Restoration of normal glutamatergic synaptic regulation by hypothermia may be the consequence of the removal of ammonia-induced decreases in expression of astrocytic glutamate transporters resulting in normal glutamate neurotransmitter inactivation in brain. Randomized controlled clinical trials of hypothermia are required to further evaluate its clinical impact

Loss of noradrenaline transporter sites in frontal cortex of rats with acute (ischemic) liver failure

There is increasing evidence that central noradrenaline (NA) transport mechanisms are implicated in the central nervous system complications of acute liver failure. In order to assess this possibility, binding sites for the high affinity NA transporter ligand [3H]-nisoxetine were measured by quantitative receptor autoradiography in the brains of rats with acute liver failure resulting from hepatic devascularization and in appropriate controls. In vivo microdialysis was used to measure extracellular brain concentrations of NA. Severe encephalopathy resulted in a significant loss of [3H]-nisoxetine sites in frontal cortex and a concomitant increase in extracellular brain concentrations of NA in rats with acute liver failure. A loss of transporter sites was also observed in thalamus of rats with acute liver failure. This loss of NA transporter sites could result from depletion of central NA stores due to a reserpine-like effect of ammonia which is known to accumulate to millimolar concentrations in brain in ischemic liver failure. Impaired NA transport and the consequent increase in synaptic concentrations and increased stimulation of neuronal and astrocytic noradrenergic receptors could be implicated in the pathogenesis of the encephalopathy and brain edema characteristic of acute liver failure

Keeping cool in acute liver failure: rationale for the use of mild hypothermia

Encephalopathy, brain edema and intracranial hypertension are neurological complications responsible for substantial morbidity/mortality in patients with acute liver failure (ALF), where, aside from liver transplantation, there is currently a paucity of effective therapies. Mirroring its cerebro-protective effects in other clinical conditions, the induction of mild hypothermia may provide a potential therapeutic approach to the management of ALF. A solid mechanistic rationale for the use of mild hypothermia is provided by clinical and experimental studies showing its beneficial effects in relation to many of the key factors that determine the development of brain edema and intracranial hypertension in ALF, namely the delivery of ammonia to the brain, the disturbances of brain organic osmolytes and brain extracellular amino acids, cerebro-vascular haemodynamics, brain glucose metabolism, inflammation, subclinical seizure activity and alterations of gene expression. Initial uncontrolled clinical studies of mild hypothermia in patients with ALF suggest that it is an effective, feasible and safe approach. Randomized controlled clinical trials are now needed to adequately assess its efficacy, safety, clinical impact on global outcomes and to provide the guidelines for its use in ALF.CR: CIHR-post-doctoral fellowshi

Mild hypothermia prevents cerebral edema and CSF lactate accumulation in acute liver failure

Evidence from both clinical and experimental studies demonstrates that mild hypothermia prevents encephalopathy and brain edema in acute liver failure (ALF). As part of a series of studies to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved in this protective effect, groups of rats with ALF resulting from hepatic devascularization were maintained at either 37°C (normothermic) or 35°C (hypothermic), and neurological status was monitored in relation to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of ammonia and lactate. CSF was removed via implanted cisterna magna catheters. Mild hypothermia resulted in a delay in onset of encephalopathy and prevention of brain edema; CSF concentrations of ammonia and lactate were concomitantly decreased. Blood ammonia concentrations, on the other hand, were not affected by hypothermia in ALF rats. These findings suggest that brain edema and encephalopathy in ALF are the consequence of ammonia-induced impairment of brain energy metabolism and open the way for magnetic resonance spectroscopic monitoring of cerebral function in ALF. Mild hypothermia could be beneficial in the prevention of severe encephalopathy and brain edema in patients with ALF awaiting liver transplantation.CIH

The effects of corpus size and homogeneity on language model quality

Generic speech recognition systems typically use language models that are trained to cope with a broad variety of input. However, many recognition applications are more constrained, often to a specific topic or domain. In cases such as these, a knowledge of the particular topic can be used to advantage. This report describes the development of a number of techniques for augmenting domain-specific language models with data from a more general source. Two investigations are discussed. The first concerns the problem of acquiring a suitable sample of the domain-specific language data from which to train the models. The issue here is essentially one of quality, since it is shown that not all domain-specific corpora are equal. Moreover, they can display significantly different characteristics that affect the quality of any language models built therefrom. These characteristics are defined using a number of statistical measures, and their significance for language modelling is discussed. The second investigation concerns the empirical development and evaluation of a set of language models for the task of email speech-u>-text dictation. The issue here is essentially one of quantity, since it is shown that effective language models can be built from very modestly sized corpora, providing the training data matches the target appfication. Evaluations show that a language model trained on only 2 million words can perform better than one trained on a corpus of over 100 times that size

Promoting Equitable and Inclusive Green Job Growth in Southeast Asia

The transition to a green economy offers a bright future for Southeast Asia. It's not only a US$1 trillion market opportunity by 2030 across the region's economies. It's also a pathway to a sustainable future, one that is resilient to the climate crisis, more secure for nations, healthier for residents, and inclusive for all.To guide this radical transformation, we studied employment markets across six countries—Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam—and conducted 80 interviews with employers, researchers, and nongovernmental organisations (NGOs). This report, supported by J.P. Morgan, identifies steps that leaders across sectors— governments, funders, NGOs, investors, and employers—can take to ensure the emerging green economy achieves a "just transition" that leaves no one behind

Constitution Day Event 2020

The Constitution Day Event was held on September 15, 2020 and was presented by LeAnn Dean, Roland Guyotte, Tim Lindberg, and Roger Rose. Included here are Roger Rose\u27s powerpoint presentation titled: The Constitution: Why Our Shared Values are Important, LeAnn Dean\u27s remarks, and Roland Guyotte\u27s remarks.https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/special_events/1009/thumbnail.jp