Isolation induced changes in Guinea Pig Cavia porcellus pup distress whistles

Guinea Pig Cavia porcellus pups emit high-pitched distress whistles when separated from their mother. In order to assess the influence of the duration of a brief isolation period on whistle acoustic structure, werecorded the distress whistles of six 8-day old pups separated for 15 min from their group in a novel environment and compared the mean values of the first and last 30 whistle notes. Acoustic analysis revealed, throughout the session, a significant decrease in whistle duration, an increase in mean frequency and a tendency for a decrease in number of harmonics in the first part of the note. Results demonstrate that, throughout a brief isolation period, the vocal response of Guinea Pig pups to isolation undergoes structural changes possibly related to time-dependent changes in motivational state

Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Portuguese Version of the Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Problems (CSIP)

Abstract. The Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Problems (CSIP) was developed in American English to assess maladaptive variants of the interpersonal circumplex. In this article, we describe the psychometric properties and construct validity of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the CSIP using data from two samples of Brazilian adults. The results from exploratory and confirmatory structural analyses indicated strong support for a circumplex representation of the CSIP in both samples. Scores on the CSIP converged with the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Checklist of Interpersonal Transactions – Revised and demonstrated test–retest stability over 8 months. Taken as a whole, the results extend support for the circumplex structure, construct validity, and retest reliability of the CSIP and indicate that the Brazilian Portuguese translation is psychometrically adequate to investigate interpersonal problems in Brazilian populations

Spectrograms and time series of spotted paca vocalizations.

<p>The arrows in the first <i>roar</i> vocalization (box <i>a</i>) indicate five formants. The box <i>f</i> shows combinations of sounds between <i>roar</i> and <i>groan</i> calls, and the arrows (1^st and 2^nd) of this box indicate the <i>groan and roar</i> calls, respectively.</p

Data of the seven caviomorph species used to analyze the relationship between group size and the number of vocal types.

<p>Data of the seven caviomorph species used to analyze the relationship between group size and the number of vocal types.</p

The relationship between standardized independent contrasts of log₁₀ vocal repertoire size and standardized contrasts of log₁₀ group size of seven caviomorph rodent species.

<p>The linear regression follows the equation: Standardized contrasts of log₁₀ group size = 0.27 + 1.59*Standardized contrasts of log₁₀ vocal repertoire size (F_{1, 4} = 10.41; R² = 0.72; <i>P</i> = 0.03). Gray lozenge indicates the independent contrasts of the original seven caviomorph species, while black circle is the virtual position of the spotted paca based on the equation considering only its adult acoustic repertoire size (N = 6) determined in this study.</p

Mean ± standard deviation (SD) of acoustic parameters measured in spotted paca vocalizations.

<p>Percentage of notes correctly attributed to each call type in the cross validation. The N corresponds to the number of emissions analyzed in each category/number of individuals from which individual calls were selected. The centroids show the spacing of different call types of spotted paca in a two-dimensional signal space defined by the first two discriminant functions (DF1 and DF2). The values in bold indicate the correlation coefficients of the variables that most contributed to the discriminant functions (DF1 and DF2).</p