La cooperación Euro-Latinoamericana contra la corrupción y su impacto en los Derechos Humanos

Under the UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), as well as under regional conventions, Latin-American and European States are strengthening their efforts to combat corruption by, among other measures, consolidating their international cooperation. Building on the increasingly acknowledged impact of corruption on human rights, this paper explores how the substantive link between corruption and human rights could be unfolded to develop cooperation strategies against corruption with a positive impact on human rights. It does it using as examples a selection of initiatives of inter-regional cooperation against corruption between Europe and Latin-America.Los países de América Latina y Europa han venido fortaleciendo sus esfuerzos contra la corrupción en el marco de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas contra la Corrupción, así como de instrumentos regionales contra la corrupción, entre otras medidas consolidando la cooperación internacional. Partiendo del creciente reconocimiento del impacto de la corrupción en los derechos humanos, este artículo explora de qué manera la conexión entre corrupción y derechos humanos puede utilizarse para conseguir que las medidas anticorrupción tengan consecuencias positivas en materia de derechos humanos. El análisis que aquí se presenta se apoya para ello en una selección de iniciativas de cooperación contra la corrupción en las que participan países europeos y latinoamericanos

Procedural embodiment and magic in linear equations

How do students think about algebra? Here we consider a theoretical framework which builds from natural human functioning in terms of embodiment – perceiving the world, acting on it and reflecting on the effect of the actions – to shift to the use of symbolism to solve linear equations. In the main, the students involved in this study do not encapsulate algebraic expressions from process to object, they do not solve ‘evaluation equations’ such as by ‘undoing’ the operations on the left, they do not find such equations easier to solve than , and they do not use general principles of ‘do the same thing to both sides.’ Instead they build their own ways of working based on the embodied actions they perform on the symbols, mentally picking them up and moving them around, with the added ‘magic’ of rules such as ‘change sides, change signs.’ We consider the need for a theoretical framework that includes both embodiment and process-object encapsulation of symbolism and the need for communication of theoretical insights to address the practical problems of teachers and students

Pairing and unpairing electron densities in organic systems: Two-electron three center through space and through bonds interactions

Two-electron three-center bonding interactions in organic ions like methonium (CH + 5 ), ethonium (C2H + 7 ), and protonated alkanes n−C4H + 11 isomers (butonium cations) are described and characterized within the theoretical framework of the topological analysis of the electron density decomposition into its effectively paired and unpaired contributions. These interactions manifest in some of this type of systems as a concentration of unpaired electron cloud around the bond paths, in contrast to the well known paradigmatic boron hydrids in which it is not only concentrated close to the atomic nucleus and the bond paths but out of them and over the region defined by the involved atoms as a whole. This result permits to propose an attempt of classification for these interactions based in such manifestations. In the first type, it is called as interactions through bonds and in the second type as interactions through space type.Fil: Lobayan, Rosana Maria. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bochicchio, Roberto Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Impregnant formulation to the preservation, protection and consolidation of wood heritage assets

The protection of cultural heritage is an integral part of the world´s material wealth. The cultural heritage, movable and immovable, together with the natural environment, represents values that contribute to the education and social culture of the community. It also has a significant economic impact because, it represents the basic prerequisite for a tourism industry. Therefore, the modern developing based on non-polluting technological products for the protection of patrimonial is needed. Also, it is necessary to build a bridge between the basic knowledge generated as a product of scientific research and applied science. The knowing of what kind of deterioration occurs and how it impacts the physical-mechanical properties of the materials are important issues and, that must be considered so that the constructions made can be adequately conserved and/or consolidated. Wood was treated with an innovate formulation based on silanes (methyltriethoxysilane, MTES and noctyltryethoxysilane, OTES) to achieve the protection and the consolidation of the heritage assets. The performance of treatment about dimensional stability, fire and biodeterioration/biodegradation resistance was investigated. It was concluded that the treatment resulted effective as a protective and consolidate lasur system based on silanes by surface treatment for wood heritage assets.Fil: Alfieri, Paula Vanesa. Laboratorio de Entrenamiento Multidisciplinario para la Investigación Tecnológica; ArgentinaFil: Lofeudo, Rosana. Laboratorio de Entrenamiento Multidisciplinario para la Investigación Tecnológica; ArgentinaFil: Canosa, Guadalupe. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentin

Paradigma Baru Pendidikan Menuju Masyarakat Madani (Telaah Kritis Terkadap Problem Pendidikan Nasional, Arah Kebijakan, dan Strategi Pemecahannya)

The educational system and values have developedvery fast, urged by the spirit of reformation in variousaspects of human life. The demand for the formation of acivil society has made education one very effective way toapproach it. For that purpose, there needs to be a changetowards a new paradigm which must be followed with areview on the problems of the national education, thedirection of its policies, and its strategies of problem solving

Direct Versus Indirect Measurement of Digit Ratio (2D:4D): A Critical Review of the Literature and New Data

Digit ratio (2D:4D: the relative lengths of the second and fourth digits) is widely used as a correlate of prenatal sex steroids. There are two common methods of measuring 2D:4D, the direct method and the indirect method. The modern interest in 2D:4D began 16 years ago when finger lengths were measured directly, but many studies now report 2D:4D calculated from indirectly measured fingers from photocopies or scans. However, there are concerns about the accuracy of the latter in comparison to the former. The purpose of this article was twofold: to review these concerns and to add new data to the debate. Our review shows that in 2005, directional effects in indirect 2D:4D were reported such that direct 2D:4D > indirect 2D:4D. This finding was challenged by a 2006 report that direct 2D:4D was lower (not higher) than indirect 2D:4D for male right-hand 2D:4D. Two further studies from the same group have claimed that indirect 2D:4D may be lower, higher, or comparable to direct 2D:4D. More recent comparisons of direct 2D:4D versus indirect 2D:4D and a meta-analysis of Chinese studies have replicated the finding of direct 2D:4D > indirect 2D:4D. We considered an additional sample and found significant direct 2D:4D > indirect 2D:4D for three of four ratios. The overall literature is discussed within the context of standards of research (sample size) and publishing (clarity of report). It is concluded that direct 2D:4D does tend to be greater than indirect 2D:4D. Implications for comparative studies and other aspects of research in 2D:4D are discussed