Comments: A Pragmatic Look at Criminal Contempt and the Trial Attorney

The judicial sanction of contempt threatens the trial attorney in all facets of his professional life, yet it is ill-defined and often inconsistently a plied This article analyzes contempt case law, pinpoints the ew general rules existing in this area and stresses the need or clear cut guidelines and uniformity in the use of this powerful weapon

The Lack of African American Women CEOs in Corporate America: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study

While the number of African American women filling executive level positions in Fortune 500 companies in America has improved, there is still a need for significant improvements in increasing their access to corporate chief executive officer (CEO) positions. African American women occupy only 11.7% of the board seats, and their representation as CEOs has steadily declined. Throughout the history of Fortune 500 companies, there have been only 14 African American men with CEO titles. As of January 2017, there are no African American women CEOs. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine the lived experiences and perceptions of 15 African American women who aspire to be chief executive officers in corporate America. The experiences and perceptions of these women were examined to understand why there is a limited number of African American women CEOs despite their increase in executive level roles. The responses from 15 African American revealed that the increased numbers of these women in the executive leadership level resulted from diversity initiatives that made it possible for these women to return to school, and provided a context in which organizational leaders could recognize their talent. The organizations\u27 use of diversity initiatives contributed to practices that legally allow them to minimize the number of minorities they hire at the executive level. The theoretical framework included elements from critical theory, critical race theory, and black feminist theory. The increased representation of these women at the executive level contributes to positive social change because the information adds to the existing literature on the lack of African American women CEOs in corporate America and may provide knowledge that will guide other women pursuing this role

Comments: A Pragmatic Look at Criminal Contempt and the Trial Attorney

The judicial sanction of contempt threatens the trial attorney in all facets of his professional life, yet it is ill-defined and often inconsistently a plied This article analyzes contempt case law, pinpoints the ew general rules existing in this area and stresses the need or clear cut guidelines and uniformity in the use of this powerful weapon

Should the FDIC worry about the FHLB? the impact of Federal Home Loan Bank advances on the Bank Insurance Fund

Does growing commercial-bank reliance on Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) advances increase expected losses to the Bank Insurance Fund (BIF)? Our approach to this question begins by modeling the link between advances and expected losses. We then quantify the effect of advances on default probability with a CAMELS-downgrade model. Finally, we assess the impact on loss-given-default by estimating resolution costs in two scenarios: the liquidation of all banks with failure probabilities above two percent and the liquidation of all banks with advance-to-asset ratios above 15 percent. The evidence points to non-trivial increases in expected losses. The policy implication is that the FDIC should price FHLBank-related exposures.Banks and banking ; Financial institutions ; Deposit insurance

Menstrual disorders in rural Gambia.

As part of a community-based reproductive morbidity survey in rural Gambia, the prevalence and association of menstrual disorders with sociodemographic characteristics and other reproductive morbidities, and with knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs concerning menstrual problems were assessed. A questionnaire was administered by a field-worker and by a gynecologist, who also examined the women. Semistructured interviews were conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs in a subsample. Of 607 menstruating women not using hormonal contraceptives, 16 percent complained to the gynecologist of irregular cycles, 14 percent of dysmenorrhea, 8 percent of spotting, and 4 percent of heavy or prolonged bleeding. Each complaint was associated with other reproductive morbidities. A minority of women with menstrual problems had sought health care, and menstruation was revealed to be a highly personal and secretive topic in this population. Menstrual disorders constitute an important unaddressed area of reproductive health service needs in developing countries for which relatively simple and inexpensive therapies are often available. Information, education, and support combined with clinical management of menstrual problems should be core elements of reproductive health programs

A review of thanatosis (death feigning) as an anti-predator behaviour

Thanatosis—also known as death-feigning and, we argue more appropriately, tonic immobility (TI)—is an under-reported but fascinating anti-predator strategy adopted by diverse prey late on in the predation sequence, and frequently following physical contact by the predator. TI is thought to inhibit further attack by predators and reduce the perceived need of the predator to subdue prey further. The behaviour is probably present in more taxa than is currently described, but even within well-studied groups the precise taxonomic distribution is unclear for a number of practical and ethical reasons. Here we synthesise the key studies investigating the form, function, evolutionary and ecological costs and benefits of TI. This review also considers the potential evolutionary influence of certain predator types in the development of the strategy in prey, and the other non-defensive contexts in which TI has been suggested to occur. We believe that there is a need for TI to be better appreciated in the scientific literature and outline potentially profitable avenues for investigation. Future use of technology in the wild should yield useful developments for this field of study.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

The Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer Spectral Feature Finder II. Estimating Radial Velocity of SPIRE Spectral Observation Sources

The Herschel SPIRE FTS Spectral Feature Finder (FF) detects significant spectral features within SPIRE spectra and employs two routines, and external references, to estimate source radial velocity. The first routine is based on the identification of rotational CO emission, the second cross-correlates detected features with a line template containing most of the characteristic lines in typical far infra-red observations. In this paper, we outline and validate these routines, summarise the results as they pertain to the FF, and comment on how external references were incorporated.Comment: 12 pages, 16 figures, 1 table, accepted by MNRAS March 202

Parallel PARKing: Parkinson’s Genes Function in Common Pathway

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with diverse genetic and environmental susceptibilities. Functional connections between PD genes have remained elusive. In this issue of Neuron, MacLeod et al. (2013) link three PD susceptibility genes, LRRK2, PARK16, and VSP35, to a common cellular pathway and show how these deficits contribute to dysfunction

Do orientation and substrate influence apparent turning biases by the 7-spot ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata?

How foraging predators explore their environment is a fundamental aspect of predator-prey interactions. Girling et al. (2007) tested Coccinella septempunctata in a Y-maze, finding that approximately 45% of individuals displayed significant turning biases. We extend the work of Girling et al. in three ways: (1) turning bias was tested on vertical as well as horizontal structures, (2) turning bias was tested on natural Y-shaped twigs as well as artificial twigs and (3) turning bias was recorded both as the pre-designated ‘left’ or ‘right’ physical branch selected and from the perspective of ladybirds. No significant patterns of ‘handedness’ were apparent with vertical orientation, on either substrate. With horizontal orientation, significant turning biases were exhibited on artificial but not natural twigs. Overall, although turning biases are theoretically efficient when searching branched structures, we propose that in natural environments ladybirds will base their foraging movements on environmental cues.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe