Sentido del humor y resiliencia en estudiantes durante COVID-19 - Tarma 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre sentido del humor y resiliencia en estudiantes durante el Covid-19 - Tarma 2021. Para ello, se realizó un estudio donde se aplicó el método hipotético deductivo, de tipo básico, nivel correlacional y diseño no experimental - transversal, con una población total de 185 estudiantes de una institución del distrito de Acobamba, ciudad de Tarma - 2021, con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 18 años; cursantes de tercer, cuarto grado y quinto grado del nivel secundario. Así, se determinó una muestra de 126 sujetos, a quienes se les aplicó como cuestionarios la Escala del sentido del humor (HSQ) y la Escala de resiliencia de Wagnild y Young (ER), los cuales fueron validados a través de juicio de expertos y mediante la prueba W de Kendall; además, tuvieron niveles de confiablidad aceptables. Los niveles globales obtenidos en la encuesta para el sentido del humor, según la escala general de elaboración propia que se estableció, fueron: 35.7% (bajo), 49.2% (medio) y 15.1% (alto); en cuanto a los niveles de los estilos del sentido del humor, según los baremos que establece el instrumento aplicado, prevalecen el estilo de humor afiliativo: 57.9% (alto) y el estilo de humor autodescalificador: 69.9% (alto); mientras que en la resiliencia: 27.0% (bajo) y 73.0% (alto). Además, se obtuvo una relación significativa, positiva y débil entre la resiliencia y las dimensiones del sentido del humor: afiliativo (rho = 0.428, p < 0.05), automejoramiento (rho = 0.313, p < 0.05) y autodescalificador (rho = 0.324, p < 0.05), pero negativa con el agresivo (rho = - 0.314, p < 0.05). Se concluye que existe una relación significativa, positiva y débil entre las variables de estudio con rho = 0.408 y p < 0.05

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially