Cariogenicity and cariostatic properties of cow, human and infant formula milk- review

A proposta desse trabalho é apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre o efeito tópico e sistêmico dos diferentes tipos de leite na saúde dental, através da explicitação de sua cariogenicidade e propriedades cariostáticas. O leite em suas diferentes fórmulas bem como seus derivados são produtos consumidos em larga escala pela população mundial, merecendo há algumas décadas a atenção de pesquisadores sobre suas influências na cavidade oral. Diversos estudos têm sido conduzidos com objetivo de relacionar o consumo de leite bovino, materno e em fórmula infantil com o desenvolvimento de cáries e outros defeitos dentais. Mas, muitos resultados controversos ainda não conseguiram definir com exatidão os potenciais cariogênicos e cariostáticos dos diferentes tipos de leite. O leite bovino possui alguns componentes como a caseína, lipídios e enzimas antibacterianas que apresentam potencial cariostático, embora contenha também 4% de lactose, açúcar sugestivamente cariogênico. O leite humano, por sua vez, tem sido relatado como responsável pelo aparecimento de um tipo de cárie similar a cárie de mamadeira, apesar de alguns estudos defenderem sua não cariogenicidade. Já o leite em fórmula infantil, que é elaborado para determinadas épocas da infância, tem recebido baixo controle sobre sua capacidade de desenvolver cáries. Desvendar a controvérsia entre a cariogenicidade e propriedades cariostáticas dos diferentes tipos de leite, ou simplesmente instruir se sobre esse assunto, poderia ter grande valor na prevenção de cáries durante a infância e na vida adulta502113120he purpose of this study is to introduce some information about local and systemic effects of different kinds of milk in oral health, through the explicitness of its cariogenicity and cariostatic properties. Different kinds of milk and milk products are consumed most commonly by the worldwide population, raising the interest of researchers in its influence in the oral health for some decades. Several studies have been conducted to associate the consumption of bovine-, human- and infant formula-milk with caries development and other dental defect, but controversial results have not been able to define the cariogenic and cariostatic potential of different kinds of milk. Bovine milk has some cariostatic components as casein, lipids and antibacterial enzyme, though it has 4% lactose, supposedly cariogenic sugar. Human milk has been related to a sort of caries which is like bottle caries, even though some studies have demonstrated its non cariogenicity. The infant formula milk, which is elaborated for specific period in the childhood, has received low control on its potential for developing caries. It could be of great value to elucidate the controversy surrounding the cariogenicity and cariostatic properties of different kinds of milk, concerning caries prevention during infant and adult lif

Bioprospection of Petit Verdot grape pomace as a source of anti-inflammatory compounds

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Petit Verdot Extract and hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions obtained from grape pomace, in addition to identifying active compounds. The PVE and EAF reduced significantly paw edema and neutrophil migration when compared with control groups. The PVE reduced levels of TNF-α and IL1-β in the peritoneal fluid, whereas the EAF did not reduce cytokines significantly. Two hydroxybenzoic acids, two proanthocyanidins, three flavan-3-ol monomers and three anthocyanins were identified in the PVE and EAF by LC-MS/MS. The stilbene transresveratrol was identified only in the EAF. The phenolic compounds were quantified using HPLC-DAD analysis, except for the stilbenes, which were not sensible for the detection by the method. Since PVE and EAF showed significantly anti-inflammatory effects and high concentration of phenolic compounds, we concluded that Petit Verdot pomace could be an interesting source of anti-inflammatory bioactives

Bioprospection of Petit Verdot grape pomace as a source of anti-inflammatory compounds.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Petit Verdot Extract and hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions obtained from grape pomace, in addition to identifying active compounds. The PVE and EAF reduced significantly paw edema and neutrophil migration when compared with control groups. The PVE reduced levels of TNF-α and IL1-β in the peritoneal fluid, whereas the EAF did not reduce cytokines significantly. Two hydroxybenzoic acids, two proanthocyanidins, three flavan-3-ol monomers and three anthocyanins were identified in the PVE and EAF by LC-MS/MS. The stilbene transresveratrol was identified only in the EAF. The phenolic compounds were quantified using HPLC-DAD analysis, except for the stilbenes, which were not sensible for the detection by the method. Since PVE and EAF showed significantly anti-inflammatory effects and high concentration of phenolic compounds, we concluded that Petit Verdot pomace could be an interesting source of anti-inflammatory bioactives

Heterologous expression of Streptococcus mutans cnm in Lactococcus lactis promotes intracellular invasion, adhesion to human cardiac tissues and virulence

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOIn S. mutans, the expression of the surface glycoprotein Cnm mediates binding to extracellular matrix proteins, endothelial cell invasion and virulence in the Galleria mellonella invertebrate model. To further characterize Cnm as a virulence factor, the cnm gene from S. mutans strain OMZ175 was expressed in the non-pathogenic Lactococcus lactis NZ9800 using a nisin-inducible system. Despite the absence of the machinery necessary for Cnm glycosylation, Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy analyses demonstrated that Cnm was effectively expressed and translocated to the cell wall of L. lactis. Similar to S. mutans, expression of Cnm in L. lactis enabled robust binding to collagen and laminin, invasion of human coronary artery endothelial cells and increased virulence in G. mellonella. Using an ex vivo human heart tissue colonization model, we showed that Cnm-positive strains of either S. mutans or L. lactis outcompete their Cnm-negative counterparts for tissue colonization. Finally, Cnm expression facilitated L. lactis adhesion and colonization in a rabbit model of infective endocarditis. Collectively, our results provide unequivocal evidence that binding to extracellular matrices mediated by Cnm is an important virulence attribute of S. mutans and confirm the usefulness of the L. lactis heterologous system for further characterization of bacterial virulence factors.In S. mutans, the expression of the surface glycoprotein Cnm mediates binding to extracellular matrix proteins, endothelial cell invasion and virulence in the Galleria mellonella invertebrate model. To further characterize Cnm as a virulence factor, the cnm gene from S. mutans strain OMZ175 was expressed in the non-pathogenic Lactococcus lactis NZ9800 using a nisin-inducible system. Despite the absence of the machinery necessary for Cnm glycosylation, Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy analyses demonstrated that Cnm was effectively expressed and translocated to the cell wall of L. lactis. Similar to S. mutans, expression of Cnm in L. lactis enabled robust binding to collagen and laminin, invasion of human coronary artery endothelial cells and increased virulence in G. mellonella. Using an ex vivo human heart tissue colonization model, we showed that Cnm-positive strains of either S. mutans or L. lactis outcompete their Cnm-negative counterparts for tissue colonization. Finally, Cnm expression facilitated L. lactis adhesion and colonization in a rabbit model of infective endocarditis. Collectively, our results provide unequivocal evidence that binding to extracellular matrices mediated by Cnm is an important virulence attribute of S. mutans and confirm the usefulness of the L. lactis heterologous system for further characterization of bacterial virulence factors811829FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO2014/07231-0; 2013/25080-7308644/2011-

Bioactive fraction of geopropolis from Melipona scutellaris decreases neutrophils migration in the inflammatory process: involvement of nitric oxide pathway

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOThe aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of the ethanolic extract of geopropolis (EEGP) from Melipona scutellaris and its fractions on the modulation of neutrophil migration in the inflammatory process, and the participation of nitric oxide (NO) pathway, as well as to check the chemical profile of the bioactive fraction. EEGP and its aqueous fraction decreased neutrophil migration in the peritoneal cavity and also the interaction of leukocytes (rolling and adhesion) with endothelial cells. The levels of chemokines CXCL1/KC and CXCL2/MIP-2 were not altered after treatment with EEGP and the aqueous fraction. It was found that the injection of NO pathway antagonists abolished the EEGP and the aqueous fraction inhibitory activity on the neutrophil migration. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 (ICAM-1) was reduced, and nitrite levels increased after treatment with EEGP and aqueous fraction. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, EEGP and the aqueous fraction showed antiedema activity. No pattern of flavonoid and phenolic acid commonly found in propolis samples of Apis mellifera could be detected in the aqueous fraction samples. These data indicate that the aqueous fraction found has promising bioactive substances with anti-inflammatory activity2013FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP [2009/12352-3, 2010/20214-7]2009/12352-3; 2010/20214-

Guava pomace: a new source of anti-inflammatory and analgesic bioactives

Abstract\ud \ud \ud \ud Background\ud Guava pomace is an example of the processing waste generated after the manufacturing process from the juice industry that could be a source of bioactives. Thus, the present investigation was carried out in order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potential and determinate the main phenolic compounds of a guava pomace extract (GPE).\ud \ud \ud \ud Methods\ud The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan, dextran, serotonin, histamine-induced paw edema and neutrophils migration in the peritoneal cavity models. Acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and formalin test were performed to investigate the antinociceptive effects. In addition, the content of total phenolic and of individual phenolic compounds was determined by GC/MS.\ud \ud \ud \ud Results\ud GPE showed anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan, dextran, serotonin, histamine-induced paw edema and neutrophils migration in the peritoneal cavity models (p < 0.05). GPE also demonstrated antinociceptive activity by acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and formalin test (p < 0.05). The total phenolic value was 3.40 ± 0.09 mg GAE/g and epicatechin, quercetin, myricetin, isovanilic and gallic acids were identified by GC/MS analysis.\ud \ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud The presence of bioactive phenolic compounds as well as important effects demonstrated in animal models suggest that guava pomace could be an interesting source of anti-inflammatory and analgesic substances.We thank "Cepêra - Agro Industrial Ibitirama Ltda", the company that provided the guava pomace samples. This research was supported by the "Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel" (CAPES) and "National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development" (CNPq)

Estudo preliminar do impacto da sobreposição aerofotogramétrica na elaboração de mapa de índice de vegetação.

É uma prática fundamental e bem difundida, para o monitoramento de culturas agrícolas e de pastagens, a elaboração de mapas de índices de vegetação a partir de imagens aéreas obtidas por Aeronaves Remotamente Pilotadas (Remotely Piloted Aircraft System - RPA)

Estudo preliminar do uso de duas aeronaves remotamente pilotadas para a geração de ortomosaicos.

A realização da cobertura aerofotogramétricas através de Aeronaves Remotamente Pilotadas (Remotely Piloted Aircraft System - RPA) para a geração de ortomosaicos RGB (Red/Green/Blue) é uma prática fundamental no mapeamento de áreas de produção agropecuária

Estudo preliminar do impacto da sobreposição aerofotogramétrica na geração de ortomosaicos.

A geração de ortomosaicos RGB (Red/Green/Blue), a partir de imagens aéreas obtidas por Aeronaves Remotamente Pilotadas (Remotely Piloted Aircraft System - RPA), é uma prática fundamental e já bem difundida no mapeamento de áreas de produção agropecuária