Effects of propolis on streptococcus mutans, actinomyces naeslundii and staphylococcus aureus

It is known that formation of dental caries is caused by the colonization and accumulation of oral microorganisms and extracellular polysaccharides which are synthesized from sucrose by glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus mutans. Actinomyces naeslundii and Staphylococcus aureus are associated with human root caries and some oral mucosa infections, respectively. In this research Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt 1600 exhibiting glucosyltransferase activity was used to test whether different ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) inhibit or not the enzyme activity and growth of the bacteria. Antimicrobial activity of EEP against A. naeslundii and S. aureus was also examined. All EEP from various regions in Brazil inhibited both glucosyltransferase activity and growth of S. mutans, A. naeslundii and S. aureus, but one of propolis from Rio Grande do Sul (RS2) demonstrated highest inhibition of the enzyme activity and growth of the bacteria. It was also found that propolis (RS2) contained highest concentrations of pinocembrin and galangin292014314

Cariogenicity and cariostatic properties of cow, human and infant formula milk-revie

The purpose of this study is to introduce some information about local and systemic effects of different kinds of milk in oral health, through the explicitness of its cariogenicity and cariostatic properties. Different kinds of milk and milk products are consumed most commonly by the worldwide population, raising the interest of researchers in its influence in the oral health for some decades. Several studies have been conducted to associate the consumption of bovine-, human- and infant formula-milk with caries development and other dental defect, but controversial results have not been able to define the cariogenic and cariostatic potential of different kinds of milk. Bovine milk has some cariostatic components as casein, lipids and antibacterial enzyme, though it has 4% lactose, supposedly cariogenic sugar. Human milk has been related to a sort of caries which is like bottle caries, even though some studies have demonstrated its non cariogenicity. The infant formula milk, which is elaborated for specific period in the childhood, has received low control on its potential for developing caries. It could be of great value to elucidate the controversy surrounding the cariogenicity and cariostatic properties of different kinds of milk, concerning caries prevention during infant and adult life.50211312

Low-fluoride dentifrice and gastrointestinal fluoride absorption after meals

A low- fluoride ( F) dentifrice has been recommended to reduce the risk of dental fluorosis, but its anti- caries efficacy is questionable compared with that of conventional dentrifices ( 1000- 1100 mu g F/g). The tested hypothesis was that conventional dentifrices might be safe if used soon after meals, since food interferes with F absorption. In a crossover, double- blind study, 11 volunteers ingested a dentifrice slurry containing 0 ( placebo), 550 ( low F), or 1100 mu g F/g in 3 gastric content situations: on fasting, or 15 min after breakfast or lunch. F was analyzed in saliva and 24- hour urine samples. The conventional dentifrice ingested after lunch resulted in only 10% higher F absorption than the low- F ingested on fasting. Analysis of the data suggests that the risk of fluorosis could be reduced by the use of either a low- F dentifrice or a conventional dentifrice, if toothbrushing occurred soon after meals.84121133113

Effects of propolis on Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii and Staphylococcus aureus

It is known that formation of dental caries is caused by the colonization and accumulation of oral microorganisms and extracellular polysaccharides which are synthesized from sucrose by glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus mutans. Actinomyces naeslundii and Staphylococcus aureus are associated with human root caries and some oral mucosa infections, respectively. In this research Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt 1600 exhibiting glucosyltransferase activity was used to test whether different ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) inhibit or not the enzyme activity and growth of the bacteria. Antimicrobial activity of EEP against A. naeslundii and S. aureus was also examined. All EEP from various regions in Brazil inhibited both glucosyltransferase activity and growth of S. mutans, A. naeslundii and S. aureus, but one of propolis from Rio Grande do Sul (RS2) demonstrated highest inhibition of the enzyme activity and growth of the bacteria. It was also found that propolis (RS2) contained highest concentrations of pinocembrin and galangin.29214314

In vitro evaluation of the effect of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on oral microorganisms

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on the viability of some oral bacterial species. It also evaluated the ability of these bacteria to metabolize those substances. Single-species biofilms of Streptococcus gordonii, Porphyromonas gingivalis, or Fusobacterium nucleatum and dual-species biofilms of S. gordonii - F. nucleatum and F. nucleatum - P. gingivalis were grown on hydroxyapatite discs. Seven species were studied as planktonic cells, including Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis, Propionibacterium acnes, Actinomyces naeslundii, and the species mentioned above. The viability of planktonic cells and biofilms was analyzed by susceptibility tests and time-kill assays, respectively, against different concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to quantify nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations in the culture media after the assays. Susceptibility tests and viability assays showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine cannot reduce or stimulate bacterial growth. High-performance liquid chromatography results showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations were not altered after bacteria exposure. These findings indicate that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine, in the concentrations used, cannot affect significantly the growth of these oral bacterial strains. Moreover, these species do not seem to metabolize these substances.54650150

Antimicrobial activity of propolis on oral microorganisms

Formation of dental caries is caused by the colonization and accumulation of oral microorganisms and extracellular polysaccharides that are synthesized from sucrose by glucosyltransferase of Streptococcus mutans. The production of glucosyltransferase from oral microorganisms was attempted, and it was found that Streptococcus mutans produced highest activity of the enzyme. Ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) were examined whether EEP inhibit the enzyme activity and growth of the bacteria or not. ALL EEP from various regions in Brazil inhibited both glucosyltransferase activity and growth of S. mutans, but one of the propolis from Rio Grande do Sui (RS2) demonstrated the highest inhibition of the enzyme activity and growth of the bacteria. It was also found that propolis (RS3) contained the highest concentrations of pinocembrin and galangin.361242

In situ effect of frequent sucrose exposure on enamel demineralization and on plaque composition after APF application and F dentifrice use

Since the effect of the combination of methods of fluoride use on enamel demineralization and on plaque composition is not clearly established, this study examined the effect of the combination of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) application and F dentifrice on enamel demineralization and on plaque composition. In this crossover study, 16 volunteers, wearing a palatal appliance containing bovine enamel blocks, were subjected to 4 treatment groups: non-fluoridated dentifrice (PD), FD, APF+PD, and APF+FD. The APF was applied to the enamel before the 14-day experimental period. During the experimental period, test dentifrices were applied 3x/day, and a 20% sucrose solution was applied 4x and 8x/day by being dripped on the blocks. Although APF application was able either to increase F concentration in plaque or to reduce the % of mutans streptococci, its combination with F dentifrice use neither reduced enamel mineral loss nor changed any other measured plaque variable with respect to the FD group alone.831717