Fotografía y procesos fotográficos en Educación infantil: Observar la realidad espacial desde una perspectiva.

La educación artística, intrínsecamente relacionada a las emociones que desarrolla la persona a lo largo de su proceso creativo, y la educación emocional, se está convirtiendo en uno de los aspectos más relevantes a desarrollar dentro de los ámbitos educativos, ya que el desarrollo emocional, considerado como un aspecto imprescindible en todas las etapas educativas, adquiere una mayor relevancia en la etapa de la Educación Infantil, debido quizá, a la necesidad de establecer vínculos afectivos adecuados que repercutan en el desarrollo general del niño. Así pues, con el fin de poder llegar a conseguir un óptimo desarrollo emocional de los estudiantes en el espacio-clase, se propone la experimentación y práctica de técnicas artísticas a través de la fotografía como medio de expresión y desarrollo de las competencias emocionales

Monitoring of Volatile Additives from Plant Protection Products in Tomatoes Using HS-SPME-GC-HRMS: Targeted and Suspect Approaches

Additives present in plant protection products (PPPs) are normally not monitored after sample treatments. In this study, the fate of additives detected by targeted and nontargeted analysis in tomato samples treated with two PPPs was carried out. The study was carried out in a greenhouse for 12 days, in which two applications with each PPP were made. Compounds were extracted by applying a headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), performing targeted and suspect approaches. Three targeted and 15 nontargeted compounds were identified at concentration levels of up to 150 μg/kg. Compounds detected encompassed benzene, toluene, indene, and naphthalene derivatives, as well as conservatives and flavouring compounds. Most of them degraded in less than 7 days after the second application, following first-order kinetic. This study aims to reduce knowledge gaps regarding additives and their fate under real climatic conditions of greenhouses cultivations.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO)FEDER-EU (project PID2019-106201RB-I00)Regional Government of Andalusia, SpainEuropean funds for financial support (project P18- RT-2329)Andalusian Ministry of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge and Universities for financial support from “Ayudas para Captación, Incorporación y Movilidad de Capital Humano de I+D+i (PAIDI 2020)”University of Almería for his “Convocatoria de Recualificación do Sistema Universitario Español-Margarita Salas”“Plan de Recuperación Transformación” program funded by the Spanish Ministry of UniversitiesEuropean Union’s NextGenerationEU fund

Determination of atropine and scopolamine in bluckwheat and related products using modified QuEChERS and liquid chromatography tándem mass spectrometry

Buckwheat is a healthy pseudo cereal widely cultivated over the world as an important raw material used for functional food because it becomes a dietary source of bioactive compounds, such as nutritionally valuable protein, phenolic compounds, starch and dietary fiber, essential minerals and trace elements. However, buckwheat can be contaminated by stramonium (Datura stramonium), which can contain high concentration of tropane alkaloids, and therefore, these toxic substances can be found in buckwheat and related matrices at concentrations higher than 100 μg/kg [1]. Tropane alkaloids are synthesized by the plants of the genus from Solanaceae family, although they are also produced in smaller quantities in plants from other families. They can affect human and animal health due to their high toxicity and intake of contaminated food or animal feed. Although there are more than 200 tropane alkaloids, atropine and scopolamine are the most common compounds of this family. According to the EFSA scientific opinion in 2013 [1] more attention must be focused on the contaminated levels of atropine and scopolamine in food from plant origin, such as cereal products, grain-based baby-food, buckwheat grain and food products and tea and herbal infusions. Therefore, the development of quick, easy and reliable analytical methods for the trace analysis of tropane alkaloids at trace levels in food from plant origin is desirable. Therefore the aim of this study is the development and validation of an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of atropine and scopolamine residues in buckwheat and related products. A modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction method with acidified acetonitrile (1% formic acid v/v) followed by a clean-up step using graphitized black carbon (GBC) and primary secondary amine (PSA) was applied. For the separation and quantification of the target compounds, ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), utilizing triple quadrupole (QqQ) as analyzer, was used. The method was validated, determining linearity, trueness, precision, limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs). Recoveries ranged from 75 to 92% with precision below 17% (RSD values) for all the compounds studied. Both LODs and LOQs were below 2 μg kg-1. The validated method was tested in eight commercial samples (buckwheat, wheat, soy, buckwheat flour, buckwheat noodle, amaranth grain, chia seeds and peeled millet). Target compounds were not found above the detection limits of the method

Enantiomeric separation of (-) and (+)- hyosciamine by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Interest in natural toxins produced by fungi or plants has grown in recent years due to its toxicity and its impact on feeding and animal feed and human food safety. Among these toxins, alkaloids and more specifically tropane alkaloids, are very significant and they are characterized by presenting anticholinergic activity. Tropane alkaloids are synthesized by the plants from Solanaceae family and in smaller quantities from plants from other families. This family of compounds involves more than 200 compounds, although the compounds most studied are scopolamine, atropine and (-)-hyoscyamine [1]. In the case of atropine, which is a racemic mixture of (-) and (+)-hyoscyamine, it is well known that (-)-hyoscyamine exhibit stronger anticholinergic effects than the (+)-hyoscyamine. Moreover, racemization occurs during the treatment process of the raw material and cooking procedures due to pH and temperature modifications, since only the (-)-hyoscyamine is naturally formed. For this reason, according to the EFSA interest in 2013 [1] it is necessary to develop methods which allows the separation of these two chiral enantiomers to elucidate the conditions that favor the transformation between both enantiomers, because there are not many studies that evaluate these processes. Therefore the aim of this study is the optimization of the enantioselective separation of (-) and (+)-hyoscyamine with a Chiralpak-AY3 (150x4.6 mm, 3 μm) analytical column in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been used. The developed method allowed the separation of the two target compounds in 10 min, using ethanol 0.1% diethanolamine as mobile phase. In addition, the influence of differents parameters, such as pH apparent or temperature, in the signal of the (-) and (+)-hyoscyamine was studied. Finally the method was applied to the determination of the target compounds in buckwheat samples. Performance characteristics, such as trueness (in terms of recovery), precision, linearity, detection limits (LODs) and quantification limits (LOQs) were studied. Suitable performance characteristics were obtained for a reliable determination of both enantiomers in the selected samples

Compuesto deuterados de flonicamida, procedimiento de preparación y uso de los mismos

ES2644163 A1 (27.11.2017) P201600466 (27.05.2016)Compuestos deuterados de flonicamida, procedimiento de preparación y uso de los mismos. La invención se refiere a un compuesto deuterado de flonicamida, de fórmula (I) en la que R1 es un grupo seleccionado entre -CH2-CN y -CH2-COOH; y R2 es H, y en la que al menos un átomo de hidrógeno en R1 o en R2 está sustituido por deuterio; a su procedimiento de obtención y a su uso como patrón para la detección y cuantificación de flonicamida y derivados mediante técnicas cromatográficas acopladas a espectrometría de masas.UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERÍ

Microstructure, interfaces and properties of 3YTZP ceramic composites with 10 and 20 vol% different graphene-based nanostructures as fillers

The graphene family comprises not only single layer graphene but also graphene-based nanomaterials (GBN), with remarkably different number of layers, lateral dimension and price. In this work, two of these GBN, namely graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) with n∼15–30 layers and few-layer graphene (FLG) with n < 3 layers have been evaluated as fillers in 3 mol% yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia (3YTZP) ceramic composites. Composites with 10 and 20 vol% GNP or FLG have been fabricated by wet powder processing and spark plasma sintering (SPS) and the influence of the content and number of layers of the graphene-based filler has been assessed. For both graphene-based fillers, an intermediate zirconia oxycarbide has been detected in the grain boundaries. The lower stacking degree and much more homogeneous distribution of the FLG, revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), can improve load transfer between the GBNs and the ceramic matrix. However, high FLG contents lower densification of the composites, due partly to the larger FLG interplanar spacing also estimated by TEM. The hardness (both Vickers and nanoindentation) and the elastic modulus decrease with increased GBN content and with improved graphene dispersion. The FLG greatly inhibit the crack propagation that occur perpendicular to their preferential orientation plane. The composites with thinner FLG have higher electrical conductivity than those with GNP. The highest electrical conductivity is achieved by composites with 20 vol% FLG in the direction perpendicular to the compression axis during sintering, σ⊥ = 3400 ± 500 Sm-1.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad MAT2015-67889-

LA PRÁCTICA PREPROFESIONAL INTEGRADORA: CONCEPCIÓN PARA LA FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL EN LAS CARRERAS DE EDUCACIÓN

La formación profesional de los estudiantes de las Carreras de Educación es hoy una exigencia que se logra si se desarrolla un proceso permanente de profesionalización que posibilite formarlos con una actitud transformadora de la realidad. De manera que, la práctica preprofesional se constituye como eje central del perfeccionamiento continuo de la acción profesional del sujeto que aprende. El resultado que se presenta permite analizar la práctica preprofesional integradora como un proceso y resultado que tiene lugar en un marco social que transcurre de acuerdo con fases y leyes propias que connotan el proceso formativo de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí. El mismo, tiene como objetivo mostrar la pertinencia de la integración de las funciones sustantivas docente, vinculación y extensión para formar la conciencia crítica y el pensamiento flexible, alternativo en la solución de diversos problemas profesionales. Los principales resultados muestran la transformación de los modos de actuación profesional en correspondencia con el fin de la educación ecuatoriana, en aras de contribuir a elevar la calidad de formación de los profesionales