AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FORMULASI MASKER GEL PEEL OFF DARI PATI BERAS HITAM (Oryza sativa L. indica)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pati beras hitam (Oryza sativa L. indica) dapat diformulasikan dalam sediaan masker gel peel off dan menguji aktivitas antioksidannya. Formula dibuat dalam beberapa konsentrasi yaitu F1 (5% pati beras hitam), F2 (10% pati beras hitam), F3 (15% pati beras hitam), dan F4 (15% pati beras hitam tanpa pengawet). Evaluasi terhadap sediaan masker gel peel off meliputi pemeriksaan sifat fisik sediaan (organoleptis, homogenitas, cycling test, daya sebar, waktu kering, uji iritasi, dan pengukuran pH ) serta dilakukannya uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masker gel peel off berwarna ungu dan berbau khas dengan pH (4,5-4,7), waktu sediaan mengering 16-21 menit, daya sebar 5,3-5,8 cm, cycling test yang homogen dan tidak mengiritasi kulit sukarelawan. Pengujian antioksidan pati beras hitam menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan dari sediaan tergolong kelompok intensitas sangat lemah. Sebagai kesimpulan, pati beras hitam dapat diformulasikan dalam sediaan masker gel peel off berdasarkan evaluasi sifat fisik tetapi aktivitas antioksidan terhadap radikal bebas DPPH tergolong sangat lemah dengan nilai IC50 yaitu 650,257 µg/mL Kata Kunci : Pati beras hitam, Masker gel peel off, Antioksidan

KARAKTERISASI FISIKOKIMIA NANOKRISTAL EKSTRAK HERBA SELEDRI ( Apium graveolens L.) DENGAN PERBEDAAN KONSENTRASI POLOXAMER188

Celery (Apium graveolens L) is a plant of Apiaceae family which contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins, essential oils, apiin, apigenin, choline, asparagine, vitamin A, B, C. Apigenin contained in celery included in the BCS (Biopharmaceutics Classification System)  class II, which has low solubility and high permeability drugs. One method for increasing solubility is the nanocrystal method. Where the purpose of this study was to see the effect of differences in the concentration of poloxamer 188 on the characterization of nanocrystal. The results of the particle size analyzer (PSA) showed particle size distribution in formula 1 the concentration of poloxamer 188 40% 6 hour grinding time of 1648.5 nm with a potential zeta value of -11.2. While the formula 2 concentration of poloxamer 188 50% and formula 3 the concentration of poloxamer 188 60% with a 5 hour grinding time of 1049.6 and 1483.2 with a potential zeta value of -12.5 and -8.9. From the FT-IR analysis shows the presence of clusters in formulas 1, 2, and 3 which are not found in apigenin which is a celery marker compound, on the contrary there are groups on apigenin which are not found in formulas 1, 2, and 3

Solid Dispersion System Candesartan-cilexetil Mannitol Co-Grinding Method

Research on solid dispersion systems had been done to improve physicochemical characteristics and the dissolution rate of candesartan-cilexetil a had been conducted. Candesartan cilexetil is included in BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) class II, which has low solubility and high permeability which causes poor absorption of drugs in the digestive tract. Solid dispersions were prepared through the grinding method using mannitol. The formula with 3 comparisons between candesartan-cilexetil and mannitol 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5. A mixture of physics of candesartan cilexetil-mannitol was made without a solid dispersions system which was 1:1 as a comparison. Solid dispersion formed was characterized by particle size distribution analysis, Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), determination rate, and dissolution test. The result particle size distribution analysis showed grinding method there were solid dispersions mixed perfectly. The FT-IR of this analysis showed no interaction between candesartan-cilexetil mannitol in solid dispersion powder. The result of X-ray diffraction showed a decrease in crystallization degree. The DSC result showed a shift in endothermic peak candesartan-cilexetil. The manufacture of a solid dispersion system of candesartan-cilexetil mannitol can improve the physicochemical characteristics and the dissolution rate of candesartan-cilexetil compared with physical mixtures. The result in the dissolution was solid dispersion 1 = 53.1990 %, solid dispersion 2 = 54.3621 %, and solid dispersion 3 = 62.3621 %. The statistical result of dissolution efficiency using the Kruskal-Willis test with significant = 0.009(< 0.05) showed the difference among the dissolution efficiency of candesartan-cilexetil, physical mixture, and each solid dispersion

KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA SISTEM DISPERSI PADAT NIMODIPIN DENGAN POLOXAMER 188 MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENGGILINGAN BERSAMA

Nimodipin merupakan salah satu senyawa yang tidak larut dalam air dan termasuk ke dalam Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) kelas II. Sistem dispersi padat adalah campuran yang homogen dari satu atau lebih bahan aktif dalam matriks yang inert dengan tujuan meningkatkan bioavaibilitas dari bahan obat yang sukar larut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh penambahan poloxamer 188 terhadap sifat fisikokimia dan profil disolusi dari nimodipin yang dibuat dengan metode penggilingan bersama. Perbandingan nimodipin dengan poloxamer 188 untuk F1, F2, F3 berturut – turut adalah 1:9, 2:8, dan 3:7 (b/b). Karakterisasi campuran fisik dan dispersi padat meliputi distribusi ukuran partikel, XRD, FT-IR, DSC, penetapan kadar dan laju disolusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sifat fisikokimia dari setiap formula sudah berbentuk amorf dan nimodipin terdispersi ke dalam matriks polimer. Laju disolusi dari formula meningkat dibandingkan zat murni dan campuran fisik. Laju disolusi paling tinggi ditunjukkan pada F1, dimana pada waktu 60 menit persentase terdisolusinya sebesar 90,5920 %. Analisa statistik efisiensi disolusi menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (sig&lt;0,005) antara semua formula

Improved Solubility and Dissolution Rate of Ketoprofen by the Formation of Multicomponent Crystals with Tromethamine

This study aims to improve the dissolution rate of ketoprofen by preparing multicomponent crystals with tromethamine. The multicomponent crystals (equimolar ratio) of ketoprofen and tromethamine were prepared by the solvent co-evaporation method. The solid-state properties of the resulting powder were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, DSC thermal analysis, FT–IR spectroscopy, solubility, and in vitro dissolution rate. The crystal structure of the multicomponent crystal was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the ketoprofen–tromethamine binary system was different from that of the starting materials. This difference indicates the formation of a new crystalline phase between ketoprofen and tromethamine (equimolar ratio). The DSC thermogram of the ketoprofen–tromethamine binary system exhibited a single and sharp endothermic peak at 128.67 °C, attributed to the melting point of a multicomponent crystal of ketoprofen–tromethamine. A single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed that ketoprofen–tromethamine formed a layered structure, salt-type multicomponent crystal. The solubility and dissolution rate of the multicomponent crystal were notably enhanced compared to the intact ketoprofen. The ketoprofen–tromethamine binary system forms salt-type multicomponent crystals, which can significantly increase the solubility and dissolution rate