296 research outputs found
An easy tool for the Monte Carlo simulation of the passage of photons and electrons through matter
A simple Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm for the simulation of the passage of
low-energy gamma rays and electrons through any material medium is presented.
The algorithm includes several approximations that accelerate the simulation
while maintaining reasonably accurate results. Systematic comparisons for both
photons and electrons have been made against the MC code PENELOPE and
experimental data to validate the algorithm, showing deviations in the
deposited energy smaller than or around 10% in the energy interval of 0.1 - 5
MeV in light media. The simulation is also valid for heavy media, but with less
accuracy at high energy. The algorithm has been implemented in an open-source
Python package called LegPy, which provides an easy-to-use framework for rapid
MC simulations aiming to be useful for applications that do not require the
level of detail of available well-established MC programs.Comment: 14 Figures, 9 pages. Submitted to Radiation Measurement
Diffeomorphism-invariant covariant Hamiltonians of a Pseudo-Riemannian metric and a linear connection
\noindent Let (resp.\ ) be the fibre bundle of
pseudo-Riemannian metrics of a given signature (resp.\ the bundle of linear
connections) on an orientable connected manifold . A geometrically defined
class of first-order Ehresmann connections on the product fibre bundle
is determined such that, for every connection belonging
to this class and every -invariant Lagrangian density on , the corresponding covariant Hamiltonian is also -invariant. The case of
-invariant second-order Lagrangian densities on is also
studied and the results obtained are then applied to Palatini and
Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangians
- …