El Rap como medio de expresión de emociones en el aula de Educación Primaria

Treball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Primària. Codi: MP1040. Curs acadèmic: 2020/2021En este trabajo vamos a hacer una investigación acerca de la importancia de la música como medio para manifestar y gestionar nuestros sentimientos y emociones. Para ello, vamos a trabajar en el aula de Educación Primaria la expresión de emociones mediante el Rap, el cual es un género musical que se emplea como herramienta de expresión y manifiesto haciendo uso de la rima y el ritmo. Se pretende que los alumnos se familiaricen con el género musical mediante la escucha activa de diferentes canciones. Asimismo, es fundamental que aprendan a expresar sus ideas o emociones de manera adecuada mediante un vocabulario adaptado a su nivel, así como también dominar el ritmo del Rap, ya sea empleando el propio cuerpo o mediante instrumentos de percusión. También es una tarea importante trabajar la improvisación en el aula mediante la rima de diferentes palabras o frases de manera espontánea. Por último, poniendo en marcha su creatividad serán ellos los que compongan su propia canción de Rap, recurriendo finalmente al uso de las TIC para lograr digitalizar su canción y exportarla en formato de pista de audio. Todas las actividades se introducirán de manera atractiva y entretenida para el alumnado. Por consiguiente, considero que este género es muy popular entre los jóvenes y por tanto que puede incrementar la motivación del alumno para expresar su punto de vista sobre un tema. Mediante esta disciplina mejoramos el concepto de empatía hacía el prójimo, mejoramos el vocabulario, trabajamos la expresividad y la agilidad mental y verbal tanto en las composiciones como en las improvisaciones. Todas y cada una de las actividades se realizarán de manera cooperativa, para que aprendan a trabajar, a tomar decisiones importantes y a respetar opiniones mediante el trabajo en grupo. De esta manera trabajamos también en al aula la inclusión, la heterogeneidad y las habilidades sociales

Biodiversity and distribution of beneficial arthropods within hedgerows of organic Citrus orchards in Valencia (Spain)

A study of natural enemies within hedgerows and on ground covers was carried out in two organic citrus orchards in two areas of Valencia (Spain) using two sampling methods, yellow sticky traps and a vacuum machine. Hedgerows had significantly higher levels of natural enemies, followed by citrus and ground covers. The species of natural enemies in hedgerows were similar to those found in citrus orchards, but different from those identified on ground cover. In hedgerows and citrus the predominant predators were Coniopterygidae (Neuroptera) and Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), and the most abundant parasitoids were Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera)

Influencia de la siega de la cubierta vegetal en las poblaciones de fauna auxiliar en cítricos ecológicos

Se ha realizado un estudio analizando el efecto de la siega de primavera y del tipo de cubierta vegetal (silvestre, alfalfa, festuca y vallico) en la comunidad de artrópodos de un campo de Clementinos ecológicos en Alzira (Valencia). En junio de 2010 se ha realizado una siega de las cubiertas vegetales dejando una parte sin segar. Se han llevado a cabo muestreos de la fauna auxiliar presente en los árboles y en las cubiertas antes de la siega y en sucesivos días posteriores a ésta (1, 4, 7, 17 días). Como métodos de muestreo se han utilizado un aspirador adaptado y trampas cromáticas pegajosas. Se han realizado ANOVAS factoriales estudiando la influencia del estrato (cubierta o árbol), de la siega, del tipo de cubierta vegetal y del tiempo. Los resultados indican como el factor más influyente en la comunidad de artrópodos es el factor estrato, siendo menor la influencia del tipo de cubierta vegetal. Los resultados también muestran la evolución de parasitoides y depredadores después de la siega, así como los movimientos de dichas especies entre estratos y/o entre zonas segadas y no segadas

Pentachlorophenol Removal from Water by Soybean Peroxidase and Iron(II) Salts Concerted Action

[EN] Soybean peroxidase (SBP) has been employed for the treatment of aqueous solutions containing pentachlorophenol (PCP) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide at pH range 5-7. Reaction carried out with 1mg/L of PCP, 4mg/L of H2O2, and 1.3x10(-9)M of SBP showed a fast initial elimination of PCP (ca. 30% in 20min), but the reaction does not go beyond the removal of 50% of the initial concentration of PCP. Modification in SBP and PCP amounts did not change the reaction profile and higher amounts of H2O2 were detrimental for the reaction. Addition of Fe(II) to the system resulted in an acceleration of the process to reach nearly complete PCP removal at pH 5 or 6; this is more probably due to a synergetic effect of the enzymatic process and Fenton reaction. However, experiments developed in tap water resulted in a lower PCP elimination, but this inconvenience can be partly overcome by leaving the tap water overnight in an open vessel before reaction.We want to acknowledge Davide Mainero from Acea Pinerolese for his collaboration in this research. The authors want to thank the financial support of the European Union (PIRSES-GA-2010-269128, EnvironBOS and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange projectH2020-MSCA-RISE-2014, Mat4treaT-project number: 645551) and Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (CTQ2015-69832-C4-4-R). Sara Garcia-Ballesteros would like to thank the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad for her fellowship (BES-2013-066201).Tolardo, V.; García-Ballesteros, S.; Santos-Juanes Jordá, L.; Vercher Pérez, RF.; Amat Payá, AM.; Arqués Sanz, A.; Laurenti, E. (2019). Pentachlorophenol Removal from Water by Soybean Peroxidase and Iron(II) Salts Concerted Action. Water Air & Soil Pollution. 230(6):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4189-7S182306Babuponnusami, A., & Muthukumar, K. (2014). A review on Fenton and improvements to the Fenton process for wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2(1), 557–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.10.011 .Ballschmiter, K. (2003). Pattern and sources of naturally produced organohalogens in the marine environment: biogenic formation of organohalogens. Chemosphere, 52(2), 313–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00211-X .Calza, P., Zacchigna, D., & Laurenti, E. (2016). Degradation of orange dyes and carbamazepine by soybean peroxidase immobilized on silica monoliths and titanium dioxide. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(23), 23742–23749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7399-1 .Caza, N., Bewtra, J., Biswas, N., & Taylor, K. (1999). Removal of phenolic compounds from synthetic wastewater using soybean peroxidase. 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Sequential photochemical–biological degradation of chlorophenols. Chemosphere, 66(11), 2201–2209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.08.036 .Garcia-Peña, E. I., Zarate-Segura, P., Guerra-Blanco, P., Poznyak, T., & Chairez, I. (2012). Enhanced phenol and chlorinated phenols removal by combining ozonation and biodegradation. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 223(7), 4047–4064. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1172-y .Hoekstra, E. J., De Weerd, H., De Leer, E. W. B., & Brinkman, U. A. T. (1999). Natural formation of chlorinated phenols, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans in soil of a Douglas fir forest. Environmental Science and Technology, 33(15), 2543–2549. https://doi.org/10.1021/es9900104 .Karci, A. (2014). Degradation of chlorophenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates, two representative textile chemicals, in water by advanced oxidation processes: the state of the art on transformation products and toxicity. Chemosphere, 99, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.034 .Li, Z. (2018). Health risk characterization of maximum legal exposures for persistent organic pollutant (POP) pesticides in residential soil: an analysis. Journal of Environmental Management, 205, 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.070 .Marchis, T., Avetta, P., Bianco-Prevot, A., Fabbri, D., Viscardi, G., & Laurenti, E. (2011). Oxidative degradation of Remazol Turquoise Blue G 133 by soybean peroxidase. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 105(2), 321–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.11.009 .Marchis, T., Cerrato, G., Magnacca, G., Crocellà, V., & Laurenti, E. (2012). Immobilization of soybean peroxidase on aminopropyl glass beads: structural and kinetic studies. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 67, 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2012.05.002 .Muñoz, M., de Pedro, Z. M., Casas, J. A., & Rodriguez, J. J. (2013). Chlorophenols breakdown by a sequential hydrodechlorination-oxidation treatment with a magnetic Pd-Fe/?-Al2O3 catalyst. Water Research, 47(9), 3070–3080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.03.024 .Naghdi, M., Taheran, M., Brar, S. K., Kermanshahi-pour, A., Verma, M., & Surampalli, R. Y. (2018). Removal of pharmaceutical compounds in water and wastewater using fungal oxidoreductase enzymes. Environmental Pollution. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.060 .Ngo, T. T., & Lenhoff, H. M. (1980). A sensitive and versatile chromogenic assay for peroxidase and peroxidase-coupled reactions. Analytical Biochemistry, 105(1), 389–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(80)90475-3 .Olaniran, A. O., & Igbinosa, E. O. (2011). Chlorophenols and other related derivatives of environmental concern: properties, distribution and microbial degradation processes. Chemosphere, 83(10), 1297–1306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.009 .Oller, I., Malato, S., & Sánchez-Pérez, J. A. (2011). Combination of advanced oxidation processes and biological treatments for wastewater decontamination—a review. Science of the Total Environment, 409(20), 4141–4166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.061 .Passardi, F., Cosio, C., Penel, C., & Dunand, C. (2005, July 22). Peroxidases have more functions than a Swiss army knife. Plant Cell Reports. Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-005-0972-6 .Pera-Titus, M., Garcı́a-Molina, V., Baños, M. A., Giménez, J., & Esplugas, S. (2004). Degradation of chlorophenols by means of advanced oxidation processes: a general review. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 47(4), 219–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2003.09.010 .Qayyum, H., Maroof, H., & Yasha, K. (2009). Remediation and treatment of organopollutants mediated by peroxidases: a review. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 29(2), 94–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/07388550802685306 .Samokyszyn, V. M., Freeman, J. P., Rao Maddipati, K., & Lloyd, R. V. (1995). Peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of pentachlorophenol. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 8, 349–355 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/tx00045a005 . Accessed 23 June 2017Santos-Juanes, L., Amat, A. M., & Arques, A. (2017a). Strategies to drive photo-Fenton process at mild conditions for the removal of xenobiotics from aqueous systems. Current Organic Chemistry, 21(12), 1074–1083. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2010.199901 .Santos-Juanes, L., García Einschlag, F. S., Amat, A. M., & Arques, A. (2017b). Combining ZVI reduction with photo-Fenton process for the removal of persistent pollutants. Chemical Engineering Journal, 310, 484–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.04.114 .Sarria, V., Parra, S., Adler, N., Péringer, P., Benitez, N., & Pulgarin, C. (2002). Recent developments in the coupling of photoassisted and aerobic biological processes for the treatment of biorecalcitrant compounds. Catalysis Today, 76(2–4), 301–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5861(02)00228-6 .Sharma, S., Mukhopadhyay, M., & Murthy, Z. V. P. (2013). Treatment of chlorophenols from wastewaters by advanced oxidation processes. Separation & Purification Reviews, 42(May 2015), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2012.669804 .Soler, J., García-Ripoll, A., Hayek, N., Miró, P., Vicente, R., Arques, A., & Amat, A. M. (2009). Effect of inorganic ions on the solar detoxification of water polluted with pesticides. Water Research, 43(18), 4441–4450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.07.011 .Steevensz, A., Cordova Villegas, L. G., Feng, W., Taylor, K. E., Bewtra, J. K., & Biswas, N. (2014). Soybean peroxidase for industrial wastewater treatment: a mini review. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 9(3), 181–186. https://doi.org/10.1680/jees.13.00013 .Sun, Z., Wei, X., Zhang, H., & Hu, X. (2015). Dechlorination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in aqueous solution on novel Pd-loaded electrode modified with PPy-SDBS composite film. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(5), 3828–3837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3641-x .Tsai, W.-T. (2013). A review on environmental distributions and risk management of phenols pertaining to the endocrine disrupting chemicals in Taiwan. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 95(5), 723–736. https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2013.818150 .Valderrama, B., Ayala, M., & Vazquez-Duhalt, R. (2002, May 1). Suicide inactivation of peroxidases and the challenge of engineering more robust enzymes. Chemistry and Biology. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1074-5521(02)00149-7 .Verbrugge, L. A., Kahn, L., & Morton, J. M. (2018). Pentachlorophenol, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo furans in surface soil surrounding pentachlorophenol-treated utility poles on the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska USA. 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Pergamon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.04.014

Abundancia de depredadores en setos de frutales en el Parc Agrari del Baix Llobregat

Se ha estudiado la abundancia de la entomofauna auxiliar asociada a los setos de un arboretum de frutales ecológicos perteneciente al "Parc Agrari del Baix Llobregat", cuya gestión técnica está realizada por la "ADV de Fruita del Baix Llobregat. Las especies vegetales estudiadas fueron lentisco (Pistacia Lentiscus L.), genista (Genista sp.), durillo (Viburnum tinus L.), adelfa (Nerium oleander L.), madroño (Arbutus unedo L.), salvia (Salvia sp.), romero (Rosmarinus oficinalis L.), así como tres tipos de macizos de aromáticas con salvia, romero, espliego (Lavandula sp.) o tomillo (Thymus oficinalis L.) como principales especies. El muestreo se ha efectuado con aspiración (soplador ECHO PB 46-LN,+ kit aspirador). El análisis de las aspiraciones muestran como resultado un total de 67.717 artrópodos, de los cuales 14.236 pueden considerarse depredadores generalistas (un 21% del total). Arácnidos y hormigas son con mucho los más habituales, con una población identificada de 6.934 y 4.999 individuos, respectivamente. Del resto de depredadores, los más numerosos fueron los coccinélidos con 618 individuos, seguidos de heterópteros con 557 (nábidos, míridos y antocóridos, por este orden), dípteros con 290 (de los cuáles 283 eran cecidómidos) y neurópteros con 224 (fundamentalmente crisópidos, con 199). Existen variaciones notables de la abundancia entre las especies de setos estudiadas. Así, contando el conjunto de depredadores, salvia, madroño y aromáticas destacan del resto, mientras que baladre y genista son las de menor cantidad de depredadores. Si dejamos aparte hormigas, serían salvia, aromáticas y durillo los mejores. En neurópteros destacan lentisco y madroño, mientras que en coccinélidos, dípteros, heterópteros y arácnidos depredadores salvia y aromáticas

A new methodology to assess the performance of AOPs in complex samples: Application to the degradation of phenolic compounds by O3 and O3/UV-A Vis

[EN] A methodology combining experimental design methodology, liquid chromatography, excitation emission matrixes (EEM) and bioassays has been applied to study the performance of O3 and O3/UVA-vis in the treatment of a mixture of eight phenolic pollutants. An experimental design methodology based on Doehlert matrixes was employed to determine the effect of pH (between 3 and 12), ozone dosage (02¿1.0¿g/h) and initial concentration of the pollutants (1¿6¿mg/L each). The following conclusions were obtained: a) acidic pH and low O3 dosage resulted in an inefficient process, b) increasing pH and O3 amount produced an enhancement of the reaction, and c) interaction of basic pH and high amounts of ozone decreased the efficiency of the process. The combination of O3/UVA-vis was able to enhance ozonation in those experimental regions were this reagent was less efficient, namely low pH and low ozone dosages. The application of EEM-PARAFAC showed four components, corresponding to the parent pollutants and three different groups of reaction product and its evolution with time. Bioassys indicated important detoxification (from 100% to less than 30% after 1¿min of treatment with initial pollutant concentration of 6¿mg/L, pH¿=¿9 and ozone dosage of 0.8¿g/h) according to the studied methods (D. magna and P. subcapitata). Also estrogenic activity and dioxin-like behavior were significantly decreased.The authors thank the financial support of the European Union(PIRSES-GA-2010-269128, EnvironBOS) and Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (CTQ2015-69832-C4-4-R). Sara García-Ballesteros thanks Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad for providing her fellowship (BES-2013-066201).García-Ballesteros, S.; Mora Carbonell, M.; Vicente Candela, R.; Vercher Pérez, RF.; Sabater Marco, C.; Castillo López, M.; Amat Payá, AM.... (2019). A new methodology to assess the performance of AOPs in complex samples: Application to the degradation of phenolic compounds by O3 and O3/UV-A Vis. Chemosphere. 222:114-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.015S11412322

Treatment and reuse of textile wastewaters by mild solar photo-Fenton in the presence of humic-like substances

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7889-1In this paper, the possibility of reusing textile effluents for new dyeing baths has been investigated. For this purpose, different trichromies using Direct Red 80, Direct Blue 106, and Direct Yellow 98 on cotton have been used. Effluents have been treated by means of a photo-Fenton process at pH 5. Addition of humic-like substances isolated form urban wastes is necessary in order to prevent iron deactivation because of the formation of non-active iron hydroxides. Laboratory-scale experiments carried out with synthetic effluents show that comparable results were obtained when using as solvent water treated by photo-Fenton with SBO and fresh deionized water. Experiments were scaled up to pilot plant illuminated under sunlight, using in this case a real textile effluent. Decoloration of the effluent could be achieved after moderate irradiation and cotton dyed with this water presented similar characteristics as when deionized water was used.This work was realized with the financial support of a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange project funded by the European Commission H2020-MSCA-RISE-2014 within the framework of the research project Mat4treaT (project number 645551). Financial support from Spanish Government (CTQ2015-69832-C4-4-R) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria d’Educació, Cultura i Esport (GV/AICO/2015/124) and CTQ2015-69832-C4-4-R.García-Negueroles, P.; Bou-Belda, E.; Santos-Juanes Jordá, L.; Amat Payá, AM.; Arques Sanz, A.; Vercher Pérez, RF.; Monllor Pérez, P.... (2017). Treatment and reuse of textile wastewaters by mild solar photo-Fenton in the presence of humic-like substances. 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Environmental Science and Biotechnology 4(4):245–273Arslan-Alaton I, Tureli G, Olmez-Hanci T (2009) Treatment of azo dye production wastewaters using photo-Fenton-like advanced oxidation processes: optimization by response surface methodology. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 202:142–153Azbar N, Yonar T, Kestioglu K (2004) Comparison of various advanced oxidation processes and chemical treatment methods for COD and color removal from a polyester and acetate fiber dyeing effluent. Chemosphere 55:35–43Baba Y, Yatagai T, Harada T, Kawase Y (2015) Hydroxyl radical generation in the photo-Fenton process: effects of carboxylic acids on iron redox cycling. Chemical Engineering Journal, Volume 277(1):229–241Bakshi DK, Sharma P (2003) Genotoxicity of textile dyes evaluated with Ames test and rec-assay. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 22:10Blanco J, Torrades F, Morón M, Brouta-Agnesá M, García-Montaño J (2014) Photo-Fenton and sequencing batch reactor coupled to photo-Fenton processes for textile wastewater reclamation: feasibility of reuse in dyeing processes. Chem Eng J 240:469–475Chen Q, Yang Y, Zhou M, Liu M, Yu S, Gao C (2015) Comparative study on the treatment of raw and biologically treated textile effluents through submerged nanofiltration. Original research article. J Hazard Mater 284(2):121–129dos Santos AB, Cervantes FJ, van Lier J (2007) Review paper on current technologies for decolorisation of textile wastewater: perspectives for anaerobic biotechnology. Bioresour Technol 37:315–377Durán A, Monteagudo JM, Amores E (2008) Solar photo-Fenton degradation of reactive blue 4 in a CPC reactor. Appl Catal B Environ 80(1–2):42–50Ergas S, Therriault B, Reckhow D (2006) Evaluation of water reuse technologies for the textile industry. J Environ Eng 132:315–323García Ballesteros S, Costante R, Vicente R, Mora M, Amat AM, Arques A, Carlos L, García Einschlag FS (2016) Humic-like substances from urban waste as auxiliaries for photo-Fenton treatment: a fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC study. Ptotochem Photobiol Sci in press. doi: 10.1039/c6pp00236fGhaly AE, Ananthashankar R, Alhattab M, Ramakrishnan VV (2014) Production, characterization and treatment of textile effluents: a critical review. J Chem Eng Process Technol 05:1–18Ghoreishian SM, Maleknia L, Mirzapour H, Norouzi M (2013) Antibacterial properties and color fastness of silk fabric dyed with turmeric extract. Fiber Polym 14(2):201–207. doi: 10.1007/s12221-013-0201-9Gomis J, Vercher RF, Amat AM, Mártire DO, González MC, Bianco Prevot A, Montoneri E, Arques A, Carlos L (2013) Application of soluble bio-organic substances (SBO) as photocatalysts for wastewater treatment: sensitizing effect and photo-Fenton-like process. 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Efecto de cubiertas vegetales permanentes en la fertilidad del cultivo de cítricos ecológicos

Se han estudiado diferentes cubiertas vegetales permanentes en mandarinos ecológicos y convencionales de Alzira, en suelo arenoso, para comprobar su comportamiento fertilizante y su crecimiento. En plantación joven, con aspersión, se sembró alfalfa (Medicago sativa), sola y junto a ray-grass inglés (Lolium perenne), trévoles (Trifolium subterraneum+T. repens) y mielgas (Medicago rugosa+M. truncatula+M. polymorpha). En Clemenules adultos a goteo se estudiaron las silvestres en la conducción ecológica, y el no laboreo con herbicidas en la convencional. La evolución muestra como trévoles y mielgas degeraron muy deprisa, dando paso a silvestres (grama -Cynodon dactylon- en verano, y Bromus spp. y otras en invierno), descartándolos como coberturas en estas condiciones. La alfalfa es la que mejor ha resistido la competencia de las hierbas en condiciones de insolación alta y aspersión. En biomasa y cobertura no se han encontrado diferencias entre alfalfa y grama, mientras que las demás eran menores, sobre todo en los adultos, por su sombreado