Biosynthetic pathways for the formation of three positional isomers of the hexadecenoic fatty acid family (C16 MUFA).

<p>The formation of 9<i>cis</i>-16:1 (palmitoleic acid) occurs from palmitic acid via delta-9 desaturase (SCD-16) and from vaccenic acid via beta-oxidation. The formation of 6<i>cis</i>-16:1 (sapienic acid) occurs from palmitic acid (via delta-6 desaturase, D6D) and the formation of 7<i>cis</i>-16:1 occurs from oleic acid via beta oxidation. Oleic acid is obtained from stearic acid (18:0) via delta-9 desaturase (SCD-18).</p

Main fatty acid residues of the erythrocyte membrane phospholipids of lean healthy controls and morbidly obese subjects.

<p>Main fatty acid residues of the erythrocyte membrane phospholipids of lean healthy controls and morbidly obese subjects.</p

Enzymatic indexes obtained from the quantities of the corresponding fatty acids in molar percentages (%mol) presented in S2 and S4 Tables.

<p>Enzymatic indexes obtained from the quantities of the corresponding fatty acids in molar percentages (%mol) presented in S2 and S4 Tables.</p

Main fatty acid residues of plasma cholesteryl esters in lean healthy controls and morbidly obese subjects.

<p>Main fatty acid residues of plasma cholesteryl esters in lean healthy controls and morbidly obese subjects.</p

Comparison of the sapienic and palmitoleic acid contents (μmol/mL) in RBC membrane PL (A) and plasma CE (B).

<p>Significant increases of palmitoleic and sapienic acids are found in PL of morbidly obese subjects compared to controls (both with p < 0.0001), whereas sapienic acid is diminished in CE of morbidly obese subjects (with p < 0.0001), with an opposite trend compared to palmitoleic acid (p ≤ 0.05). Values and error bars (SEM) are reported in Tables <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0152378#pone.0152378.t001" target="_blank">1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0152378#pone.0152378.t002" target="_blank">2</a>.</p

Uncertainties and controversies in axillary management of patients with breast cancer

The aims of this Oncoplastic Breast Consortium and European Breast Cancer Research Association of Surgical Trialists initiative were to identify uncertainties and controversies in axillary management of early breast cancer and to recommend appropriate strategies to address them. By use of Delphi methods, 15 questions were prioritized by more than 250 breast surgeons, patient advocates and radiation oncologists from 60 countries. Subsequently, a global virtual consensus panel considered available data, ongoing studies and resource utilization. It agreed that research should no longer be prioritized for standardization of axillary imaging, de-escalation of axillary surgery in node-positive cancer and risk evaluation of modern surgery and radiotherapy. Instead, expert consensus recommendations for clinical practice should be based on current evidence and updated once results from ongoing studies become available. Research on de-escalation of radiotherapy and identification of the most relevant endpoints in axillary management should encompass a meta-analysis to identify knowledge gaps, followed by a Delphi process to prioritize and a consensus conference to refine recommendations for specific trial designs. Finally, treatment of residual nodal disease after surgery was recommended to be assessed in a prospective register.</p