Decreto n. 2329, 16 mar. 1947, RS.

Disponível em: http://corag.rs.gov.br/doe. Acesso em 21 ago., 2015.Este decreto adapta a organização do Ensino Normal no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, aos dispositivos da Lei Federal

Decreto n. 2351, 22 mar. 1947, RS.

Disponível em: http://corag.rs.gov.br/doe. Acesso em 21 ago., 2015.Este decreto fixa as bases da organização do Ensino Primário no Estado

Broadly Applicable Ytterbium-Catalyzed Esterification, Hydrolysis and Amidation of Imides

An efficient, broadly applicable, operationally simple and divergent process for the transformation of imides into arange of carboxylic acid derivatives under mild conditions is reported. By simply using catalytic amounts of ytterbium(III) triflate asa Lewis acid promoter in the presence of alcohols, water, amines or N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine, a broad range of imides aresmoothly and readily converted to the corresponding esters, carboxylic acids, amides and Weinreb amides in good yields. This methodnotably enables an easy cleavage of oxazolidinone-based auxiliaries.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Unravelling biochemical responses in the species Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to the antineoplastics ifosfamide and cisplatin under different temperature scenarios

This study investigates the chronic impact of two of the most widely consumed antineoplastic drugs, Ifosfamide (IF) and Cisplatin (CDDP), on the bivalve species Mytilus galloprovincialis under current (17 °C) and predicted warming conditions (21 °C). Accompanying the expected increase in worldwide cancer incidence, antineoplastics detection in the aquatic environment is also expected to rise. Mussels were exposed to varying concentrations of IF (10, 100, 500 ng/L) and CDDP (10, 100, 1000 ng/L) for 28 days. Biochemical analyses focused on metabolic, antioxidant and biotransformation capacities, cellular damage, and neurotoxicity. Results showed temperature-dependent variations in biochemical responses. Metabolic capacity remained stable in mussels exposed to IF, while CDDP exposure increased it at 1000 ng/L for both temperatures. Antioxidant enzyme activities were unaffected by IF, but CDDP activated them, particularly at 21 °C. Biotransformation capacity was unchanged by IF but enhanced by CDDP. Nevertheless, cellular damage occurred at CDDP concentrations above 100 ng/L, regardless of temperature. Integrated biomarker responses highlighted CDDP's greater impact, emphasizing the critical role of temperature in shaping organismal responses and underscoring the complexity of environmental stressor interactions.Vanessa Queirós benefited from a PhD grant (https://doi.org/10.54499/PD/BD/150590/2020) given by the National Funds through the Portuguese Science Foundation (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT). Thanks are due for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020).Peer reviewe

Effects of the antineoplastic drug cyclophosphamide on the biochemical responses of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis under different temperatures

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an antineoplastic drug widely used in chemotherapy treatments with high consumption rates and that has been detected in the aquatic environment. After being released into the aquatic environment, CP may cause adverse effects on aquatic organisms since antineoplastics are well-known cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and teratogenic drugs. Moreover, predicted environmental changes, such as the temperature rising, may alter the impacts caused by CP on organisms. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the effects caused by CP chronic exposure in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, under actual and predicted warming scenarios. Organisms were exposed for 28 days to different concentrations of CP (10, 100, 500 and 1000 ng/L) at control (17 ± 1.0 °C) and increased (21 ± 1.0 °C) temperatures. Biochemical responses related to metabolic capacity, energy reserves, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity were assessed. The results showed that the organisms were able to maintain their metabolic capacity under all exposure conditions. However, their antioxidant defense mechanisms were activated mostly at higher CP concentrations being able to prevent cellular damage, even under the warming scenario. Overall, the present findings suggest that temperature rise may not alter the impacts of CP towards M. galloprovincialis.Vanessa Queirós benefited from a PhD grant (PD/BD/150590/2020) given by the National Funds through the Portuguese Science Foundation (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT). Thanks are due for the financial support to CESAM (UIDB/50017/2020+UIDP/50017/2020).Peer reviewe

Effects of ifosfamide and cisplatin exposure combined with a climate change scenario on the transcriptome responses of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

Coastal ecosystems are currently exposed to pollutants and climate change. Namely, the increasing consumption of antineoplastic drugs and their potential release to aquatic ecosystems are raising concerns. Nevertheless, information regarding the toxicity of these drugs towards non-target species is scarce, especially considering climate change scenarios. Ifosfamide (IF) and cisplatin (CDDP) are among the antineoplastics already detected in aquatic compartments and due to their mode of action (MoA) can negatively affect aquatic organisms. This study evaluates the transcription of 17 selected target genes related to the MoA of IF and CDDP in Mytilus galloprovincialis gills exposed to environmentally relevant and toxicological meaningful concentrations (IF - 10, 100, 500 ng/L; CDDP - 10, 100, 1000 ng/L), under an actual (17 °C) and predicted warming scenario (21 °C). Results showed an upregulation of the cyp4y1 gene when exposed to the highest concentrations of IF, regardless of the temperature. Both drugs upregulated genes related to DNA damage and apoptosis (p53, caspase 8 and gadd45), especially under warmer conditions. Increased temperature also downregulated genes related to stress and immune responses (krs and mydd88). Therefore, the present results showed a gene transcriptional response of mussels to increasing concentrations of antineoplastics and that warmer temperatures modulated those effects.Vanessa Queirós benefited from a PhD grant (PD/BD/150590/2020) given by the National Funds through the Portuguese Science Foundation (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT). Thanks are due for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020) and to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-113371RB-C21).Peer reviewe

Effect of gingival barrier brands on operator perception, cervical adaptation, and patient comfort during in-office tooth bleaching: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract Background Light-cured resins are widely used as gingival barriers to protect the gums from highly concentrated peroxides used in tooth bleaching. The impact of barrier brand on clinical outcomes is typically considered negligible. However, there is limited evidence on the effects of different brands on operator experience, barrier adaptation, and patient comfort. Objective This clinical trial assessed the impact of four commercial gingival barrier brands (Opaldam, Topdam, Lysadam, and Maxdam) on operator perception, adaptation quality, and patient comfort. Methods Twenty-one undergraduate students placed gingival barriers in a randomized sequence using blinded syringes. Photographs of the barriers were taken from frontal and incisal perspectives. After bleaching procedures, operators rated handling features and safety using Likert scale forms. Two experienced evaluators independently assessed barrier adaptation quality on a scale from 1 (perfect) to 5 (unacceptable). The absolute risk of barrier-induced discomfort was recorded. Data were analyzed using Friedman and Chi-square tests (α = 0.05). Results Opaldam and Topdam received the highest scores in most handling features, except for removal, which was similar among all brands. No significant difference was observed in barrier adaptation quality between the evaluated brands. Discomforts were mainly reported in the upper dental arch, with Maxdam having the highest absolute risk (35% for this arch and 24% overall). Conclusions This study suggests that gingival barrier brands can influence operator perception and patient comfort. Opaldam and Topdam were preferred by operators, but all brands demonstrated comparable adaptation quality. Clinical trial registration The study was nested in a randomized clinical trial registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry under identification number RBR-9gtr9sc

First report of Rhodnius montenegrensis (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in the State of Acre, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: This paper reports, for the first time, the presence of Rhodnius montenegrensis in the State of Acre, Brazil. METHODS: Two female R. montenegrensis were collected in a dwelling in the rural area of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. RESULTS: The occurrence of this species was confirmed, and the number of Triatominae species in the State of Acre increased from four to five. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies should be performed to reach a clearer understanding of the ecology of this arthropod, its possible role in transmitting Chagas' disease and rangeliosis, and its current geographical distribution in the region