Atividade empresarial em Cabo Verde: o ambiente de negócios e a sua evolução

Mestrado em IPB-ESTG e ASSOCIAÇÃO DE POLITÉCNICOS DO NORTE (APNOR): Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do CasteloDevido à globalização, o ambiente de negócios encontra-se em constante modificação (Oliveira & Moutinho, 2011). Em menos de duas décadas, Cabo Verde transformou-se de um dos países mais pobres do mundo para uma das economias de mais rápido crescimento em África. A economia de Cabo Verde está concentrada nos serviços, que representam uma proporção significativa do Produto Interno Bruto do país (Duarte et al., 2017) e, apesar de ser reconhecido pela sua boa governação e estabilidade económica, ainda sofre desafios e constrangimentos quando se fala da atividade empresarial no país. Em 2020 Cabo Verde encontrava-se na posição 137, num universo de 190 economias avaliadas, na sua facilidade de fazer negócios (Doing Business, 2020), Face ao exposto, este trabalho de investigação visa a analisar a evolução e performance da economia caboverdiana em termos da realização de negócios e perceber como é que os fatores referidos pelo Banco Mundial, afetam o ambiente empresarial do país, assim como as medidas e reformas implementadas que contribuíram para o aperfeiçoamento do mesmo. Este trabalho visa, ainda, tentar perceber como é que a criação de empregos, o volume de negócios e o Produto Interno Bruto foram afetados com esta evolução, em cada uma das ilhas do arquipélago. Para tal, o presente estudo realiza uma pesquisa exploratória com abordagem quantitativa utilizando os indicadores da atividade empresarial disponibilizados pelo projeto “Doing Business” e pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística de Cabo Verde. Após a análise dos dados obtidos pode se verificar que, apesar de alguns constrangimentos, de uma forma geral, houve uma melhoria no ambiente de negócios caboverdiano, verificando-se assim um aumento significativo do número de empresas ativas na maioria das ilhas e no país em geral, assim como o número de trabalhadores ao serviço.Due to globalization, the business environment is constantly changing (Oliveira & Moutinho, 2011). In less than two decades, Cape Verde has transformed from one of the poorest countries in the world to one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa. Cape Verde's economy is concentrated in services, which represent a significant proportion of the country's Gross Domestic Product (Duarte et al., 2017), and, despite being recognized for its good governance and economic stability, it still suffers challenges and constraints when it comes to business activity in the country. In 2020 Cape Verde was in position 137 out of 190 economies evaluated in its ease of doing business (Doing Business, 2020). In light of the above, this research project aims to analyze the evolution and performance of the Cape Verdean economy in terms of doing business and understand how the factors mentioned by the World Bank affect the business environment in the country, as well as the measures implemented that contributed to its improvement. This work also aims to understand how job creation, turnover and the Gross Domestic Product were affected by these developments in each archipelago island. To this end, this study carries out exploratory research with a quantitative approach using the indicators of business activity made available by the "Doing Business" project and by the National Institute of Statistics of Cape Verde. After analyzing the data obtained, despite the existence of some constraints, there has been an improvement in the Cape Verdean business environment, with a significant increase in the number of active companies on most islands, as well as in the number of employees

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora