LEUCEMIA EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES NO BRASIL: UM ESTUDO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA MORTALIDADE

Leukemias, which mainly affect the hematopoietic system, are responsible for around a quarter of all cancer cases in the age group 0 to 19 years, it is the most common category among children and the main cause of cancer-related mortality. cancer in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze mortality from leukemia in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years in Brazil between 2018 and 2022 with projections until 2025. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This epidemiological study is ecological, analytical and descriptive, focused on mortality from leukemia in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years in Brazil between 2018 and 2022. The data were obtained from "Vital Statistics", specific to the "Mortality - since 1996 by ICD-10" session, made available by the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The variables analyzed include year of death and age group, with emphasis on the ICD-BR-10 category: 050 leukemia. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Mortality rates fluctuated significantly between age groups over the years analyzed. Depending on the distribution in the studied period, the decreasing order of mortality can be established as: 0 to 4 years, 15 to 19 years, 5 to 9 years and 10 to 14 years. The prediction statistics until 2025 established a general tendency for a decrease, however, among children aged 0 to 4 years, the projections indicate an increase, as the mortality rate for the year 2025 was predicted to be 1.59 (95% CI: 1 .32; 1.86) per 100 thousand inhabitants. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: A general trend of decline in mortality rates was observed in all age groups analyzed, with the exception of children aged 0 to 4 years, where there are indications of an increase, which demonstrates the need to implement measures with the purpose reduce mortality from the disease.Leukemias, which mainly affect the hematopoietic system, are responsible for around a quarter of all cancer cases in the age group 0 to 19 years, it is the most common category among children and the main cause of cancer-related mortality. cancer in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze mortality from leukemia in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years in Brazil between 2018 and 2022 with projections until 2025. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This epidemiological study is ecological, analytical and descriptive, focused on mortality from leukemia in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years in Brazil between 2018 and 2022. The data were obtained from "Vital Statistics", specific to the "Mortality - since 1996 by ICD-10" session, made available by the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The variables analyzed include year of death and age group, with emphasis on the ICD-BR-10 category: 050 leukemia. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Mortality rates fluctuated significantly between age groups over the years analyzed. Depending on the distribution in the studied period, the decreasing order of mortality can be established as: 0 to 4 years, 15 to 19 years, 5 to 9 years and 10 to 14 years. The prediction statistics until 2025 established a general tendency for a decrease, however, among children aged 0 to 4 years, the projections indicate an increase, as the mortality rate for the year 2025 was predicted to be 1.59 (95% CI: 1 .32; 1.86) per 100 thousand inhabitants. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: A general trend of decline in mortality rates was observed in all age groups analyzed, with the exception of children aged 0 to 4 years, where there are indications of an increase, which demonstrates the need to implement measures with the purpose reduce mortality from the disease.As leucemias, que afetam principalmente o sistema hematopoiético, são responsáveis por cerca de um quarto de todos os casos de câncer na faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos, é a categoria mais comum entre as crianças e a principal causa de mortalidade relacionada ao câncer nesse grupo etário. OBJETIVO: Descrever e analisar a mortalidade por leucemia em crianças e adolescentes de 0 a 19 anos no Brasil entre 2018 e 2022 com projeções até 2025. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Este estudo epidemiológico é do tipo ecológico, analítico e descritivo, focado na mortalidade por leucemia em crianças e adolescentes de 0 a 19 anos no Brasil entre 2018 e 2022. Os dados foram obtidos das "Estatísticas Vitais", específicos da sessão "Mortalidade - desde 1996 pelo CID-10", disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). As variáveis analisadas incluem ano do óbito e faixa etária, com ênfase na categoria CID-BR-10: 050 leucemia. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: As taxas de mortalidade oscilaram de forma significativa entre as faixas etárias ao longo dos anos analisados. Conforme a distribuição no período estudado, a ordem decrescente de mortalidade pode ser estabelecida como: 0 a 4 anos, 15 a 19 anos, 5 a 9 anos e 10 a 14 anos. As estatísticas de previsões até 2025 estabeleceram tendência geral para a diminuição, contudo, entre crianças de 0 a 4 anos as projeções indicam aumento, visto que a taxa de mortalidade para o ano de 2025 foi prevista para 1,59 (IC 95%: 1,32; 1,86) por 100 mil habitantes. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Observou-se uma tendência geral de declínio nas taxas de mortalidade em todas as faixas etárias analisadas, com exceção das crianças de 0 a 4 anos, onde há indicativos de aumento, o que demonstra a necessidade de implementação de medidas com a finalidade reduzir a mortalidade pelo agravo

Socioeconomic and health differentials between two community-dwelling oldest-old groups

OBJETIVO: Identificar diferenciais demográficos e socioeconômicos relacionados ao estado de saúde de idosos mais velhos residentes em duas cidades de regiões diferentes do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico transversal e comparativo de idosos mais velhos (≥ 80 anos) residentes em Ribeirão Preto (RP-SP) e Caxias do Sul (CS-RS), com amostra probabilística de 117 sujeitos em CS e 155 em RP, realizado entre 2007 e 2008. O instrumento de coleta incluiu dados demográfi cos e socioeconômicos miniexame do estado mental, Medida de Independência Funcional, número de comorbidades auto-referidas e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi similar, com predominância de mulheres (~70%) e viúvos (~60%) em ambos os municípios. A escolaridade média não diferiu estatisticamente, mas a renda média do idoso foi maior em RP do que em CS (p = 0,05). RP apresentou maior concentração de indivíduos nos extremos de escolaridade e renda do que CS. O escore médio do miniexame do estado mental foi similar entre os dois grupos e maior para indivíduos do sexo masculino, com idade entre 80 e 84 anos, casados e com maior escolaridade. Observou-se melhor desempenho funcional entre idosos de 80 a 84 anos em ambos os municípios, entre os de maior escolaridade em RP; e entre os do sexo masculino e os casados em CS. Idosos de CS apresentaram maior número de comorbidades do que os de RP (p < 0,001). Idosos do sexo masculino, casados e com maior renda apresentaram menos sintomas depressivos em ambos os grupos; os de RP apresentaram maior escore na Escala de Depressão Geriátrica do que os de CS (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Embora os idosos de CS apresentem menor desigualdade socioeconômica e menos sintomas depressivos, possuem também maior número médio de comorbidades e menor nível de independência funcional, quando comparados aos de RP.OBJECTIVE: To identify demographic and socioeconomic differentials associated with the health status of oldest-old individuals living in two cities of different Brazilian regions. METHODS: A comparative and cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted with the oldest-old (≥ 80 years), living in the cities of Ribeirão Preto (RP, Southeastern Brazil) and Caxias do Sul (CS, Southern). The probabilistic sample included 117 individuals in CS and 155 in RP, and data were collected between 2007 and 2008. The instrument included demographic and socioeconomic data, Mini-Mental State Examination, Functional Independence Measure, number of self-reported comorbidities and Geriatric Depression Scale. RESULTS: Mean age was similar, with predominance of women (~70%) and widowed individuals (~60%) in both cities. Mean level of education did no differ statistically, although mean income was higher in RP than in CS (p = 0.05). RP showed a higher concentration of individuals in the extreme levels of education and income than that of CS. Mean score of the Mini-Mental State Examination was similar in both groups and higher among men, individuals aged between 80 and 84 years, married and with a higher level of education. Better functional performance was observed in elderly individuals aged between 80 and 84 years in both cities, in those with higher level of education in RP; and in males and married individuals in CS. Elderly individuals in CS showed higher number of comorbidities than those in RP (p < 0.001). Male elderly individuals, married and with -higher income level showed fewer depressive symptoms in both groups; and those in RP showed higher Geriatric Depression Scale score than the others in CS (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Although the oldest old in CS showed lower socioeconomic inequality and fewer depressive symptoms, they also had a higher mean number of comorbidities and lower level of functional independence, when compared to those in RP