5 research outputs found
Structural, magnetic and electronic properties of two dimensional NdN:an ab initio study
Abstract
The peculiar magnetic properties of rare earth nitrides (RENs) make them suitable for a wide range of applications. Here, we report on a density functional theory (DFT) study of an interesting member of the family, two-dimensional (2D) NdN film, using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), including the Hubbard (U) parameter. We consider different film thicknesses, taking into account the effects of N vacancies (VN) and dopants (C and O). Formation energy values show that, even though N vacancy is the predominant defect, C and O dopants are also probable impurities in these films. Individual Nd and N magnetic moments oscillate in the presence of VN and dopants owing to the induced lattice distortions. The density of states calculations show that the 2D NdN film has a semi-metallic nature, while the f orbitals are separated into fully filled and empty bands. A magnetic anisotropy energy of ∼50 μeV is obtained, and the easy axis aligns along the film orientation as the film thickness increases, revealing that such films are ideal candidates for spintronic applications
Density functional theory studies of Zn₁₂O₁₂ clusters doped with Mg/Eu and defect complexes
Abstract
We report a density functional theory study of ZnO cluster doped with Eu and Mg along with native point defects using the generalized gradient approximation including the Hubbard parameter. The Zn atomic positions are found to be energetically more favorable doping sites than O. The Eu has a lower formation energy than Zn and O vacancies, helps in lowering the formation energy of point defects and induces spin polarization. Mg is less favorable dopant energetically and is not inducing any magnetism in the cluster. Presence of Eu and point defects along with Mg can help in sustaining spin polarization, implying that transition metal and rare earth dopant is a favorable combination to invoke desirable properties in ZnO based materials. Eu–Eu doping pair prefers ferromagnetic orientation and a spin flip is induced by Eu in the Eu–Mg configuration. Further, Eu doping increases the value of static refractive index and optical absorption in the UV region compared to the undoped ZnO cluster
GaN and InGaN nanowires prepared by metal-assisted electroless etching:experimental and theoretical studies
Abstract
We investigate the optical and structural properties of GaN and InGaN nanowires (NWs) fabricated by metal-assisted electroless etching in a hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution. The emission spectra of GaN and InGaN NWs exhibit a red shift compared to the as-grown samples resulting from an increase in the surface-to-volume ratio and stress relaxation in these nanostructures. The carrier lifetimes of GaN and InGaN NWs were measured. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) investigations were carried out on GaN and InGaN NWs using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), including the Hubbard U parameter. The presence of compressive stress in the NWs was confirmed by the DFT calculations, which indicated that it induces a change in the lattice parameter along the c-direction. Formation energy calculations showed that In is a much more stable dopant in the GaN NWs compared to the native point defects, such as Ga and N vacancies. Moreover, electronic structure analysis revealed that the complex defects formed by the presence of In along with vacancy defects shifts the valence band maximum, thus changing the conducting properties of the NWs
Double Charged Surface Layers in Lead Halide Perovskite Crystals
Understanding defect
chemistry, particularly ion migration, and its significant effect
on the surface’s optical and electronic properties is one of
the major challenges impeding the development of hybrid perovskite-based
devices. Here, using both experimental and theoretical approaches,
we demonstrated that the surface layers of the perovskite crystals
may acquire a high concentration of positively charged vacancies with
the complementary negatively charged halide ions pushed to the surface.
This charge separation near the surface generates an electric field
that can induce an increase of optical band gap in the surface layers
relative to the bulk. We found that the charge separation, electric
field, and the amplitude of shift in the bandgap strongly depend on
the halides and organic moieties of perovskite crystals. Our findings
reveal the peculiarity of surface effects that are currently limiting
the applications of perovskite crystals and more importantly explain
their origins, thus enabling viable surface passivation strategies
to remediate them
Inside Perovskites: Quantum Luminescence from Bulk Cs<sub>4</sub>PbBr<sub>6</sub> Single Crystals
Zero-dimensional
perovskite-related structures (0D-PRS) are a new
frontier of perovskite-based materials. 0D-PRS, commonly synthesized
in powder form, manifest distinctive optical properties such as strong
photoluminescence (PL), narrow emission line width, and high exciton
binding energy. These properties make 0D-PRS compelling for several
types of optoelectronic applications, including phosphor screens and
electroluminescent devices. However, it would not be possible to rationally
design the chemistry and structure of these materials, without revealing
the origins of their optical behavior, which is contradictory to the
well-studied APbX<sub>3</sub> perovskites. In this work, we synthesize
single crystals of Cs<sub>4</sub>PbBr<sub>6</sub> 0D-PRS, and investigated
the origins of their unique optical and electronic properties. The
crystals exhibit a PL quantum yield higher than 40%, the highest reported
for perovskite-based single crystals. Time-resolved and temperature
dependent PL studies, supported by DFT calculations, and structural
analysis, elucidate an emissive behavior reminiscent of a quantum
confined structure rather than a typical bulk perovskite material