Factors Affecting Milk Consumption Among School Children In Urban And Rural Areas Of Selangor, Malaysia

Consumers who are getting more health conscious have encouraged the growth of healthy foods consumption in the Malaysia's market. One of the products that have been always closely related to healthy food is milk. Milk is being sold from hypermarkets to mini market in the country and it means that this product is getting familiar among Malaysians. However, the consumption of milk is still low. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the present beverage choice of school children and the other objectives of this study were to examine the most preferred flavor of milk that is available in the market and determine the effect of personal and environmental factors that influenced children's intention to consume milk. Knowing about the factors which affect on children’s intention will help marketers in profiling the children based on the factors which encourage them to consume milk. Understanding the factors that will influence children to drink milk is important in order to increase the consumption of this product. The study investigated eight factors that could influence children milk consumption. The eight factors investigated were attitude to sensory properties, belief to health benefits, packaging, consumption patterns, effect of family members, effect of friends, availability and advertising. A total of 400 students of 11 years old primary school children were chosen for this study. Several schools in different towns from urban and rural areas of Selangor were selected. Of the 400 students surveyed, 389 questionnaires were usable. Multiple linear regression, and cross-tabulation were used to analyze the factors affecting the intention to consume milk. This study found that the preferred beverages of children were: drinking water, Milo, fruit juice, milk, yoghurt drink, Ribena, tea and soft drinks. Among different types of milk, children preferred flavored milk rather than plain milk. From the results of this research, personal factors were more influential than environmental factors. Additionally, packaging and advertising had less effect on children's intention to consume milk. To increase milk intake among children, marketers need to focus and strengthen the acceptability of milk and increase consumption by altering perception of milk advertisements. This study gives new insights on children's perception. It provides the profile of children who are likely to drink milk based on personal and environmental factors in different living areas. Key words: Intention to consume, Social environment, Physical environment, milk consumption, primary school childre

The rise of virtual food tourism experiences: integrating diffusion of innovation theory and self-determination theory

Purpose – The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the food tourism industry, leading to business closures and a drop in demand. In response to this challenge, virtual food tourism experiences such as VR have emerged as an alternative to traditional in-person experiences. Aim of this paper is to model consumer adoption of virtual food tourism by integrating the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Self-determination Theory. Methodology/Design/Approach – The Diffusion of Innovation Theory explains the process of innovation adoption, while the Self-determination Theory focuses on consumer motivation. This article proposes that intrinsic (autonomy, relatedness, and competence) and extrinsic (relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, trialability, and observability) motivating factors influence virtual food tourism adoption. Findings – The study suggests that extrinsic motivators can act as mediators between intrinsic motivation and adoption intention. Integrating these two theories provides a comprehensive understanding of the motivations and mechanisms driving virtual food tourism adoption. It also paves the way for the exploration of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and specific mechanisms underlying adoption behaviours. Originality of the research – Destinations, businesses, and policy makers can better navigate the changing landscape of food tourism and leverage the potential of virtual food tourism to create engaging, accessible, and culturally enriching experiences

Factors affecting milk consumption among school children in urban and rural areas of Selangor, Malaysia

The aims of this research were to investigate the present beverage choice preference of school children and to examine the most preferred type of milk that is available in the market. As well as to determine the effect of personal and environmental factors on children’s intention to consume milk and its comparison between rural and urban area of Selangor. A total of 389 of 5th grade primary school children were selected in this study. This research was supported by social cognitive theory. Multiple linear regression, Pearson product-moment correlation, and cross-tabulation were used for forecasting the factors affecting to consumption of milk. It was found that the preferred beverages of children were: Mineral water, Milo, fruit juice, milk, yoghurt, Ribena, tea and soft drinks and it was the same amongst children in urban and rural areas. Among different types of milk, children preferred flavored milk rather than plain milk. Based on the findings, personal factors were more effective than environmental factors. To increase milk intake among children, marketers need to focus and strengthen the acceptability of milk and increase consumption by altering perception of milk advertisements. This article also profiled the children who are likely to drink milk based on personal and environmental factors in different areas

Factors affecting educational tourism development among local communities in the Klang Valley, Malaysia

The purpose of this study is to examine factors influencing educational tourism development among local communities in Malaysia. The results denote that socio-cultural impact, economic impact, and local community attitudes towards educational tourism were significantly related to residents’ practice and communication with international students. In addition, residents’ attitude can affect local communities’ interaction with international students more than other variables. Since educational tourism plays an increasingly important role in the development of communities in Malaysia, the implications of this study provide new insights into future researches by highlighting this current challenge

The rise of virtual food tourism experiences: integrating diffusion of innovation theory and self-determination theory

Purpose – The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the food tourism industry, leading to business closures and a drop in demand. In response to this challenge, virtual food tourism experiences such as VR have emerged as an alternative to traditional in-person experiences. Aim of this paper is to model consumer adoption of virtual food tourism by integrating the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Self-determination Theory. Methodology/Design/Approach – The Diffusion of Innovation Theory explains the process of innovation adoption, while the Self-determination Theory focuses on consumer motivation. This article proposes that intrinsic (autonomy, relatedness, and competence) and extrinsic (relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, trialability, and observability) motivating factors influence virtual food tourism adoption. Findings – The study suggests that extrinsic motivators can act as mediators between intrinsic motivation and adoption intention. Integrating these two theories provides a comprehensive understanding of the motivations and mechanisms driving virtual food tourism adoption. It also paves the way for the exploration of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and specific mechanisms underlying adoption behaviours. Originality of the research – Destinations, businesses, and policy makers can better navigate the changing landscape of food tourism and leverage the potential of virtual food tourism to create engaging, accessible, and culturally enriching experiences

A qualitive approach to profiling gastronomes from their food experience journey

The number of people who travel with the primary reason of gastronomic experience, termed gastronomes, is in the rise. This niche group of consumers offers an opportunity to the development of food tourism. Regrettably, only limited studies had been conducted. The urge to undertake the current research is further substantiated by the absent of insights to the underlying drives of gastronomes travel with the purpose of food hunting. To bridge the gap, this research was executed via two studies to address four objectives. First, it aims to map gastronomes’ thoughts and feelings through their mental maps. Second, it seeks to reveal the core value of food hunting attached by gastronomes through the elicitation of the deep metaphors. Third, it attempts to describe the development of behavior and interest among gastronomes. Finally, it intends to depict the typology of gastronomes. Considering the advantages of interpretivism paradigm, this research adopted Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET), an emerging powerful qualitative method to understand the gastronomes’ food hunting behavior, a project-based leisure activity, through their own voice. Both studies sampled respondents who were highly involved in this activity. The participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling and they came from different states in Malaysia. Study 1 focused on gastronomes thoughts and feelings underlying their behaviors of food hunting. Twelve participants were recruited. Aggregating the individual mental maps, the consensus map revealed four broad themes about food hunting shared among the participants which are (i) connection/sharing, (ii) transformation, (iii) searching as discovery, and (iv) searching as adventure. These broad themes symbolize four aspects which gastronomes associated in food hunting. Therefore, different gastronomes may find food hunting equally involving, but for different reasons. In addition, the study also yielded four prominent deep metaphors, namely journey, transformation, container, and balance. Taking the results from consensus map and metaphors, the postulation that food hunting is a behavior developed or progress over time was corroborated. Consequently, the second study was carried out. Study 2 aimed to identify the various developmental stages and the respective characteristics. Fourteen participants were recruited. The results of this study revealed that food hunting activity or behavior followed a three stage development process. The typology of the gastronomes at different stage was presented. The first stage was labeled as seed. At this stage, the food itself triggered the participants’ attention. Family members (e.g. parents and grandparents) were the major influencers at this stage. The second stage was named sapling. At this stage, interest in food hunting began to develop among participants. Their searching of food was greatly influenced by media such as food-related TV program, internet, and blogs. The final stage termed as tree. At this stage, participants were knowledgeable about this activity. They became the reference or opinion leader to others. This research contributes towards the theoretical explanations of gastronomes’ behavior by deeper understanding of their thoughts and feelings. In particular, the consensus map is important to conceptualize the relationships between thoughts and feelings that determine the gastronomes’ food hunting behavior. The four broad themes of food hunting identified in this research are powerful bases for market segmentation because they frame how gastronomes see and participate in food hunting. This model offers destination marketers and industrial practitioners a framework to access meanings necessary to understand gastronomes’ behavior. This model also will help tourism marketers to have a detailed examination of gastronomy tourism market and it demands. In terms of practical implication, knowing the characteristics of gastronomes will help destination marketers to have a better marketing strategy communication. An appreciation of how and why gastronomes participate in food hunting is valuable for tourism marketers in predicting precise market demands and it values. The typology with characteristics of gastronomes in different stages offers researchers and marketers an appealing way to think about change in leisure participation. Most of the marketing messages are relating to providing new experience and environment to trigger the attention of food tourists. This study examined the value of food hunting from the perspective of consumer behavior and argued that underlying motives, such as human emotion, can significantly challenge the current value assessment models which commonly used in today’s market. Results revealed that the value of participating in this activity is not merely to gain novel sensory experiences, but also to actively seek for positive feelings and ideals that gastronomes associate with food hunting. One of the pursuits was to broaden their world view

Factors That Drive Actual Purchasing of Groceries through E-Commerce Platforms during COVID-19 in Indonesia

(1) Background: This is one of the few studies to look into online grocery shopping behavior in Indonesia, as an emerging sector of the economy. The technology acceptance model is extended in this study to include price, health risk, and a reference group to better understand the factors and the extent to which they influence online grocery shopping. (2) Methods: In order to achieve the goal of the research and test the research model, a literature-based questionnaire was developed and distributed to 300 respondents in Jakarta via online platforms. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used in this study. (3) Results: We discovered that ease of use, usefulness, attitude, and reference group had a statistically significant relationship with intention and actual use of online platforms to purchase groceries in Indonesia. However, neither health risk nor price were found to be significantly correlated with respondents’ purchasing intent. (4) Conclusions: Several practical and theoretical implications for decision makers designing marketing strategies are discussed based on the findings

Factors That Drive Actual Purchasing of Groceries through E-Commerce Platforms during COVID-19 in Indonesia

(1) Background: This is one of the few studies to look into online grocery shopping behavior in Indonesia, as an emerging sector of the economy. The technology acceptance model is extended in this study to include price, health risk, and a reference group to better understand the factors and the extent to which they influence online grocery shopping. (2) Methods: In order to achieve the goal of the research and test the research model, a literature-based questionnaire was developed and distributed to 300 respondents in Jakarta via online platforms. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used in this study. (3) Results: We discovered that ease of use, usefulness, attitude, and reference group had a statistically significant relationship with intention and actual use of online platforms to purchase groceries in Indonesia. However, neither health risk nor price were found to be significantly correlated with respondents’ purchasing intent. (4) Conclusions: Several practical and theoretical implications for decision makers designing marketing strategies are discussed based on the findings

Factors Affecting Repurchase Intention On E-Marketplace Among Millennials In Indonesia

The objective of this study is to examine the variables that contribute to customer repurchase intention in Indonesia. The finding can help the developer and founder of a new platform or application to create a more attractive, safe and secure application to give guarantees for online shoppers. This research uses a quantitative approach in which data can be measured on a numerical scale. In addition, the researchers employed a survey method with a 5-point Likert scale to collect primary data from the study's findings.The population of this study is the millennial generation in Jakarta, aged 25 to 40 years old. The current study used a questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale as the data gathering method. First part of the questionnaire is about participants' experience with e-marketplace. It consists of 29 items. The results of this study show that there are perceived benefit does not have a significant impact on customer satisfaction. Perceived risk does not have a significant impact on customer satisfaction. Perceived ease of use does not have a significant impact on customer satisfaction. Similarly, perceived usefulness does not have a significant impact on customer satisfaction. In this study, it is found that customer satisfaction has a significant impact on repurchase intention. This result relevant with customer satisfaction in the e-marketplace plays an important role in repurchasing intention. E-marketplaces should continue to develop their services, facilities, and products in order to ensure that customers who have already purchased their items are satisfied and will continue to do so in the future. E-marketplace should further improve services such as giving more choices and options for goods so that customers can find the desired item more easily