Karakteristik Kimia Set Yoghurt Dengan Bahan Baku Susu Tepung Dengan Penambahan Jus Bit (Beta Vulgaris L.) (Chemical Charecteristics of Set Yoghurt Based on Milk Powder With Beetroot Extract (Beta Vulgaris L.))

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan perlakuan penggunaan bit yang terbaik pada pembuatan set yogurt, berdasarkan kadar perombakan laktosa, asam laktat, dan protein terlarut set yogurt. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan konsentrasi bit yaitu penggunaan 0, 2, 4, dan 6% dengan masing-masing lima ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan bit (Beta vulgaris L.) pada pembuatan set yogurt berpengaruh menurunkan kadar perombakan laktosa dan kadar asam laktat, namun demikian tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar protein terlarut set yogurt. Penggunaan bit (Beta vulgaris L.) dengan konsentrasi 2% menghasilkan set yogurt yang terbaik, dengan kadar perombakan laktosa 29,46%, asam laktat 0,88%, dan protein terlarut 55,80%. Kata kunci: bit (Beta vulgaris L.), set yogurt, perombakan laktosa, asam laktat, protein terlarut

Surveillance of Caging and Poultry Separation Behavior in Relation Toward Poultry Death Rate Caused by Avian Influenza at Bandung District

Abstract: There are four priorities i.e., report, cook, separate and wash for preventing Avian Influenza (AI) virus transmission from poultry-to-poultry, poultry-to-animal, and poultry to human at the community level. Unfortunately, caging and separating poultry were still rarely performed by poultry owners at Indonesia. Therefore, survey of poultry caging and poultry separation conducted in Bandung district where highest incidence and prevalence of human cases of AI occur. The objectives of this survey were to determine how poultry death rate influenced by caging and poultry separation behaviors (separate between different species and ages, segregation during restocking). This research uses survey methods with household who kept poultry and household where sick or died poultry found as unit of analysis. Data obtained by in-depth interview by using the interview guidelines covering aspects: issues related to sick or death of poultry, caging habits, separation of different poultry species and age and also segregation during restocking. Result showed that poultry owners in the area by high poultry death rate; Panyirapan (13.19%) and Soreang (9.52%); tend to free ranging the birds; Panyirapan (54.54%), Soreang (72.72%). In addition, only 9.09% poultry owners in Panyirapan doing separation between different species, age and segregation during restocking, while poultry owners in Soreang unfortunately never separate among them (0%)

The Effect of Addition Fermented Dairy-Waste Water Sludge by Aspergillus Niger in Ration on Growth Performance and the Caecal Microbial of Broiler

Dairy Wastewater Sludge (DWS) is sediment from milk processing. Nutritional content of DWS can be used as feed ingredients. The effects of nutrition in DWS are tested on the growth of broiler as well as its specific impact on the development of microflora on broiler digestion. The research methods used experimental design. Tapioca by-product (onggok) is used as DWS binder while Aspergillus Niger fermentation is applied to improve nutritional content. The rate of addition fermented DWS in the ration was evaluated through measuring weight gain for 35 days and microflora quality in the cecum by counting the number of non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria in the cecum at the end of the research period. The research data were analyzed by ANOVA with Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that the addition of 20% fermented DWS in rations resulted in the highest body weight gain and could suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella spp., E. coli, and Enterobacteriaceae) in caecal. The ratio of non pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria increased proportional to the addition of fermented DWS levels in the ration. Different caecum weight of broiler with different fermented DWS levels was a reprentation of microorganism activity in caecum. This condition can illustrate the good health status of livestock so as to optimize the growth of broiler

Electro-stimulation of tofu wastewater for the production of single cell protein from various microorganisms

Tofu wastewater can be utilized as a substrate for microorganisms that produce single-cell proteins (SCPs). Because different microorganisms have different cellular components, the composition of SCPs varies. Electro-stimulation has the potential to speed up fermentation and increase product yield. The goal of this study was to find the best way to produce SCPs from Aspergillus awamori, Rhizopus oryzae, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the tofu wastewater substrate using electro-stimulation. The experimental method was used in the study, the data were analyzed using independent t-test statistical analysis, and the best treatment was identified using the effective index method. This treatment consisted of producing SCP with electro-stimulation of −1.5 V and without electro-stimulation for 72 h for the yeast and 96 h for the mold at 25 °C in tofu wastewater that had already been conditioned to a pH of 5. The parameters measured included measurement of population of microorganism, change in pH, dry biomass weight, carbohydrate content, and protein content. Electro-stimulation reduced the optimum fermentation time of A. awamori SCP from 56 to 32 h, resulting in 0.0406 g/50 mL of dry biomass, 30.09% carbohydrate content, and 6.86% protein content. Meanwhile, the optimal fermentation time on R. oryzae and S. cerevisiae were not accelerated by electro-stimulation. The best treatment was A. awamori without electro-stimulation, which produced 0.0931 g/50 mL of dry biomass, 20.29% carbohydrate, and 7.55% protein

Isolation and Identification of Lactobacillus Bacteria From Culled Hens Meat for Meat Biopreservator

Using chemical bio-preservatives is being frowned at because of their probable adverse effects on the health of consumers. Isolation and identification of microorganisms from natural resources are an occurring process that have most powerful means for obtaining cultures and also have commercial purposes. The aim of this study was to get bio-preservatives from poultry meat, by isolation and then identification of lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria do not pose any health risks to human, and are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) organisms. The lactobacillus were isolated from raw poultry meat by appropriate dilutions with NaCl fisiological, and the decimal dilution were mixed with MRS medium and then incubated at 370C for 48-72 h. Pure cultures were maintained in MRS broth agar at 40C for short term use. Thirty well-isolated colonies were picked up and transferred to MRS broth. Selection of strains was made in agreement with morphology, Gram-stain, viability during storage at 40C and antimicrobial activity, was found twenty isolate. The identification of the cultures was based on the characteristics of the lactobacilli as described in Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, fermentation of different carbon sources, gas production from glucose, growth at different temperatures. For anti-biogram, the isolates were inoculated into MRS broth individually and incubated for 24h. The plates were incubated at 37oC overnight. Resistance was defined as the absence of a growth inhibition zone around the discs. Results indicated that 20 isolate of Lactic acid bacteria were identified: 3 isolates of Lactobacillus fermentum, 2 isolates of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei, 5 isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum, 3 isolates of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, 2 isolates of Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis 1, and 5 isolates of Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis 2. Characterization of the microbial metabolic product for antimicrobial agents reveals that lactic acid bacteria has responsibility for the inhibition of the indicator organisms, and can be used as meat biopreservator