Nitrate and Inhibition of Ruminal Methanogenesis : Microbial Ecology, Obstacles, and Opportunities for Lowering Methane Emissions from Ruminant Livestock

Acknowledgments CY was supported by a scholarship from the China Scholarship Council. IC was supported by the SRUC International Engagement Strategy Fund. The nitrate project was funded by EBLEX, a Division of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board. RINH and SRUC are funded by the Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS) of the Scottish Government.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Energy Flows and Jet Production in Tagged e-gamma Events at LEP

It has already been shown that the energy flow distributions in tagged events disagree with those predicted by QCD models, generating serious systematic errors in the unfolding of the photon structure function $F_{2}^{\gamma}$. This new analysis uses the jet structure in the hadronic final state to identify the class of events which is in worst agreement with the models. A cone jet finder is used to select events with 0,1 or 2 jets whose transverse energy is greater than 3 GeV. Tagged electrons are detected in the OPAL forward detector at angles between 60 and 120 milliradians. As well as the QCD-based Monte Carlo models, HERWIG and PYTHIA, the simple F2GEN program is used to give a comparison sample of events with purely pointlike photon-quark coupling.Comment: 1 pages including 1 figure

An analysis of the hadronic final state and jets in deep inelastic eγe\gamma scattering events using the OPAL detector at LEP

The hadronic final state of deep inelastic e[gamma] scattering events are studied and comparisons are made with predictions from the general purpose QCD-based Monte Carlo generators, HERWIG and PYTHIA, and from the two-photon event generator F2GEN. The data was collected using the OPAL detector at LEP from 1994 to 1996 with a total luminosity 109.48 pb-1 and divided into three samples in terms of beam energy: 44.6 - 46.6 GeV, 80.5 GeV and 85.0 - 86.0 GeV. The complete data sample covers the Q2 region of 1.1 - 220.0 GeV2 with the energy and angle of the scattered electron or positron measured in one of three OPAL subdetectors with different polar angle ranges: the Silicon-Tungsten luminosity calorimeters (27-55 milliradians), the Forward Detector calorimeters (60-120 milliradians), or the main OPAL electromagnetic endcap calorimeters (200-550 milliradians). Discrepancies in hadronic energy flow are highlighted using a classification of events in terms of jet multiplicities. A first estimation of energy flow and jet multiplicity in events with the photon-gluon fusion subprocess is made using a development of the F2GEN event generator. Suggestions are made for improvements to the modelling of the hadronic final state in the HERWIG and PYTHIA generators

The Claims Culture: A Taxonomy of Industry Attitudes

This paper presents an analysis of a familiar aspect of construction industry culture that we have dubbed 'the claims culture'. This is a culture of contract administration that lays a strong emphasis on the planning and management of claims. The principal elements of the analysis are two sets of distinctions. The first comprises economic and occupational orders, referring to two kinds of control that are exercised over the construction process; predicated respectively on economic ownership and occupational competence. The second refers to contrasting attitudes towards relationships and problem solving within these orders: respectively 'distributive' and 'integrative'. The concepts of economic and occupational order entail further sub-categories. The various attitudes associated with these categories and sub-categories are described. They are assessed as to their consequences for change initiatives in the industry

Zande magic and the Dawkins delusion

This paper considers some logical errors in the analysis of belief systems, adopting the analytic methods of two Wittgensteinian thinkers, Peter Winch and Wes Sharrock. Examining the different analyses of Zande magic provided by E. E. Evans-Pritchard and Alasdair MacIntyre, we suggest that these methods can be characterised by their identification of ‘moments’, places where such analyses go catastrophically wrong. A Winch moment is the point in an account where something not required in the analysis is smuggled in to facilitate the making of unnecessary and unwarranted claims. A Sharrock moment is an incoherent or nonsensical premise or assumption made to get an account off the ground in the first place, without which little of the account remains. Some of Richard Dawkins’ accounts of religious belief are examined to show where both Winch and Sharrock moments can be found in his arguments

Archaeal abundance in post-mortem ruminal digesta may help predict methane emissions from beef cattle

The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health and SRUC are funded by the Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS) of the Scottish Government. The project was supported by DEFRA and DA funded Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Inventory Research Platform. Our thanks are due to the excellent support staff at the SRUC Beef Research Centre, Edinburgh, also to Graham Horgan of BioSS, Aberdeen, for conducting multivariate analysis.Peer reviewedPublisher PD