PICRIC ACID; AN ALTERNATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC REAGENT FOR ESTIMATION OF EDTA SALTS

There are many reagents and techniques by which EDTA can be estimated in water as well as in Raw material. We standardized more quick and easy method for EDTA estimation. It has been reported that PA forms charge transfer complex with compounds. The stability of charge transfer complex depends upon the nature of compound, but mostly these are unstable. PA and EDTA complex show absorbance maximum at 450nm. The aim of our present study was to standardize an alternative method to estimate EDTA in water sample and in pure form by using the complex absorbance property at 450 nm. The 8,12,18,20 and 24 ppm concentration levels were prepared from standard stock solution of EDTA. PA of concentration 0.5gm in 100ml was prepared in chloroform. In each flask 1ml of PA was added and make up the volume of each flask with acetonitrile. The Standard plot was prepared by using EDTA -SALT and recorded Optical density at 450nm (Fig 01). The concentration level of PA was always high then EDTA-SALT in reaction mixture. However excess PA did not interfere at this wave length (450nm).  The EDTA alone Did not show any absorbance in the range of 220 – 400 nm, but EDTA-PA complex showed an absorbance maximum at 450nm(Fig-02).We also checked the necessary optimization factors time ,temperature  and solvent effect, which are directly or indirectly effect the stability and formation of EDTA-PA complex. Stability study of complex with time, temperature and Solvent Effect are represented respectively in Fig 03, Fig 04 and Fig 05

Two-Level Dynamic Programming-Enabled Non-Metric Data Aggregation Technique for the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a transformative technological infrastructure, serving as a benchmark for automating and standardizing various activities across different domains to reduce human effort, especially in hazardous environments. In these networks, devices with embedded sensors capture valuable information about activities and report it to the nearest server. Although IoT networks are exceptionally useful in solving real-life problems, managing duplicate data values, often captured by neighboring devices, remains a challenging issue. Despite various methodologies reported in the literature to minimize the occurrence of duplicate data, it continues to be an open research problem. This paper presents a sophisticated data aggregation approach designed to minimize the ratio of duplicate data values in the refined set with the least possible information loss in IoT networks. First, at the device level, a local data aggregation process filters out outliers and duplicates data before transmission. Second, at the server level, a dynamic programming-based non-metric method identifies the longest common subsequence (LCS) among data from neighboring devices, which is then shared with the edge module. Simulation results confirm the approach’s exceptional performance in optimizing the bandwidth, energy consumption, and response time while maintaining high accuracy and precision, thus significantly reducing overall network congestion

Applications, Limitations, and Improvements in Visible Light Communication Systems

Wireless communication networks using unlicensed frequency band faces certain challenges like unrestrained interfering and bad quality of transmission. To surmount the scarcity of frequency band, a new technique for wireless communication is compulsory to adapt the exponentially rising wireless communication demand. Visible light communication systems (VLCS) offer a replacement to the existing standards of wireless communication, through light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the mean of communication. As LEDs twinkle repeatedly at a high speed such that human eye cannot perceive changes in light intensity, but a perceptive photodiode detect the on-off attitude and can interpret the data implanted within the light. This paper investigates different issues in the existing wireless communication networks, and studies how VLCS can resolve these issues, and proposes design of the VLCS. Moreover, applications, solution to current issues and future improvements are discussed in this paper

Survey: Dealing Non-Functional Requirements at Architecture Level

Non-functional requirements (NFRs) are being addressed by the architecture. NFRs are not focused properly as functional requirements (FRs) are dealt and focused. FRs are being taken under consideration at the early stage of software process development (such as architectural level). Usually, the NFRs are being focused at the end of the project, which does not fulfill the desired qualities. Early design decision is very important to achieve a strong connection between design and requirements, quality of a system and a consistent software product. Architecture and NFRs constraint each other therefore, they should be treated together. Runtime NFRs (such as performance, security and fault tolerance) and some of those which are not runtime (such as maintainability) should be considered at the architectural level. This paper presents a survey that emphasizes the integration of NFRs and architectural. We have analyzed the reported techniques on the basis of our evaluation criteria and have presented a comparison

In silico molecular mechanism of cannabigerol as a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor

Discovery of new cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) inhibitors is a major area in anti-inflammatory drug discovery. Cannabigerol is a cannabinoid, which is recently discovered as a new COX-2 inhibitor. So far no work has been done to explore in depth mechanistic insights to understand its mechanism and binding mode. In the current investigation, molecular docking simulations were performed to explore its binding mode and is molecular interactions with the ligand binding site of COX-2 enzyme. Cannabigerol showed multiple molecular contacts with active of COX-2 especially withArg120, Tyr355, and Met522. Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and hydrophobic interactions were the key attractive forces involved in macromolecular contacts. Molecular modifications in Cannabigerol are discussed, which can lead to further improvement of the ligand as a new lead compound against COX-2 enzyme

In silico molecular mechanism of cannabigerol as a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor

Discovery of new cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) inhibitors is a major area in anti-inflammatory drug discovery. Cannabigerol is a cannabinoid, which is recently discovered as a new COX-2 inhibitor. So far no work has been done to explore in depth mechanistic insights to understand its mechanism and binding mode. In the current investigation, molecular docking simulations were performed to explore its binding mode and is molecular interactions with the ligand binding site of COX-2 enzyme. Cannabigerol showed multiple molecular contacts with active of COX-2 especially withArg120, Tyr355, and Met522. Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and hydrophobic interactions were the key attractive forces involved in macromolecular contacts. Molecular modifications in Cannabigerol are discussed, which can lead to further improvement of the ligand as a new lead compound against COX-2 enzyme

Energy-aware successor tree consistent EDF scheduling for PCTGs on MPSoCs

Multiprocessor System-on-Chips (MPSoCs) computing architectures are gaining popularity due to their high-performance capabilities and exceptional Quality-of-Service (QoS), making them a particularly wellsuited computing platform for computationally intensive workloads and applications. Nonetheless, The scheduling and allocation of a single task set with precedence restrictions on MPSoCs have presented a persistent research challenge in acquiring energy-efficient solutions. The complexity of this scheduling problem escalates when subject to conditional precedence constraints between the tasks, creating what is known as a Conditional Task Graph (CTG). Scheduling sets of Periodic Conditional Task Graphs (PCTGs) on MPSoC platforms poses even more challenges. This paper focuses on tackling the scheduling challenge for a group of PCTGs on MPSoCs equipped with shared memory. The primary goal is to minimize the overall anticipated energy usage, considering two distinct power models: dynamic and static power models. To address this challenge, this paper introduces an innovative scheduling method named Energy Efficient Successor Tree Consistent Earliest Deadline First (EESEDF). The EESEDF approach is primarily designed to maximize the worst-case processor utilization. Once the tasks are assigned to processors, it leverages the earliest successor tree consistent deadline-first strategy to arrange tasks on each processor. To minimize the overall expected energy consumption, EESEDF solves a convex Non-Linear Program (NLP) to determine the optimal speed for each task. Additionally, the paper presents a highly efficient online Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) heuristic, which operates in O(1) time complexity and dynamically adjusts the task speeds in real-time. We achieved the average improvement, maximum improvement, and minimum improvement of EESEDF+Online-DVS 15%, 17%, and 12%, respectively compared to EESEDF alone. Furthermore, in the second set of experiments, we compared EESEDF against state-of-the-art techniques LESA and NCM. The results showed that EESEDF+Online-DVS outperformed these existing approaches, achieving notable energy efficiency improvements of 25% and 20% over LESA and NCM, respectively. Our proposed scheduler, EESEDF+Online-DVS, also achieves significant energy efficiency gains compared to existing methods. It outperforms IOETCS-Heuristic by approximately 13% while surpassing BESS and CAP-Online by impressive margins of 25% and 35%, respectively