An Immanent Pedagogy of Music

In this paper I will introduce a concept of pedagogy of music that I will call Immanent. I will approach it philosophically from two directions: Firstly, I will focus on the notion of Music, (or the ontology of music), and claim that within this notion there is always already a pedagogy enclosed, not to say immanent. I do for example – with Nettl - believe that the way in which a society teaches its music is a matter of enormous importance for understanding that music. Nevertheless, and quite contrary to that, in my ongoing PhD project I find that the activity of learning “music” in school (materialized in the textbooks of my study) is seen as something external to what music really is. These are textbooks with a fairly great amount of non-western classical music represented, but the teaching design is very much the same as with the western-classical music. This indicates to me that music is seen very much like objective knowledge, to be transferred with a tool (external to music), and this tool is (the Western) pedagogy. There are numerous examples on this in different kinds of books and writings. For example, it is possible to speak rather easily about “music pedagogy and its object” (music), hence separating the learning from the music, and hence defining music in contradiction to Nettl: as something existing autonomously, thinkable without any aspect of teaching and learning. Even if adopting a language of musicing or musicking, most people seem to keep a music-as-object ontology, and seeing musicking as a transitive verb, taking “music” as its object. Secondly, I will focus on (music) pedagogy. Several recent music philosophers and writers have commented on the fallibility of the traditional (Western Classical) pedagogy when it comes to other musics. While Lucy Green focuses on informal music education and have done thoroughly research on the use of informal teaching strategies and concludes that they are of most importance when teaching and learning pop-music, Peter Dunbar-Hall draws on his long time experience performing and teaching Balinese Gamelan-music and suggest the term ethnopedagogics to better reflect that different kinds of music are differently thought and learned. Both two perspectives – and numerous others - although recognising the close relationship between the music and its pedagogy, do (at least analytically) separate the music from its teaching/learning methods. My suggestion is not to make different pedagogies for different musics, but to expand the notion of music to also include the teaching and learning processes, and to focus on where “music” is: In the human beings as human doings

Use of net cages for fish farming in swedish conditions

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Exercise-induced mechanical hypoalgesia in musculotendinous tissues of the lateral elbow

The aim of this study was to investigate mechanical sensitivity responses at the lateral elbow to repeated weekly bouts of low load exercise in healthy subjects. Thirteen young men (n = 6) and women participated in 4 weeks of exercise. Arms were randomly allocated to an eccentric-only exercise protocol (ECC: 5 sets of 20 contractions) or to a concentric–eccentric protocol (CON-ECC: 5 sets of 10 eccentric/10 concentric contractions) performed at 30% maximal wrist extension force. Arms were exercised consecutively within each supervised weekly session. Quantitative measures of pressure pain threshold (PPT) recorded at three sites and maximal force for grip and wrist extension were assessed at baseline, and immediately pre/post exercise at each session. Muscle endurance during 100 maximal grip contractions force was assessed at baseline and one week following the final exercise session. Results showed that regardless of protocol, repeated low load exercise resulted in a time-dependent increase in PPT at all sites post exercise Weeks 3 and 4 and persisting at follow up Week 5 (P \u3c 0.02). No significant difference between protocols was evident for any measure. Muscle force and endurance were not significantly augmented compared with baseline. In conclusion mechanical hypoalgesia is induced by repeated low load exercises regardless of exercise mode, and this may prove beneficial if replicated clinically

Effects of alternative feeding strategies for feedlot cattle on meat quality

Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Animal Sciences and IndustryJohn M. GonzalezAmerican beef producers use a multitude of production regimens, with new products constantly becoming available to producers that could ultimately produce beef that fits niche markets. Additionally, U.S. producers employ the use of two exogenous growth promotants (ExGP), anabolic implants and β-adrenergic agonists, to maximize production efficiency. This body of work examined effects of different production strategies on beef quality. In the first study, steers were fed a conventional diet or a diet containing two supplements of the Programmed Nutrition Beef Program (PN) and each diet was fed with or without ExGP. There were no adverse effects on color, but use of ExGP negatively impacted tenderness of steaks. However, the inclusion of the PN supplements decreased purge loss of loins during aging and decreased cook loss of beef steaks. The decrease in purge and cook loss may be intriguing for retailer who purchase-in and cook products as they could specify a demand for beef from animals in this program to potentially save on product losses. Researchers have examined strategies to increase omega-3 fatty acids within beef, as omega-3 fatty acids are health beneficial. The second study examined impacts of feeding increasing levels of a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich microalgae to heifers on fatty acid profiles, color stability, and palatability of the LM and color and . Feeding increasing levels of microalgae meal quadratically increased total omega-3 PUFA, with increases in DHA content up to 850% and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) up to 340% at the greatest feeding level. Although feeding microalgae changed fatty acid profiles to be more health beneficial, color and flavor were adversely affected. At the end of display, steaks from heifers fed the greatest amount of microalgae had reduced a* (redness) values and increases in surface metmyoglobin (discoloration) formation. Panelists detected more off-flavors as the level of microalgae meal increased in the diet. Poor color stability and increases in off-flavors were due to increased oxidation products in these steaks, but problems could be mitigated by inclusion of antioxidants in the diet. The third study presented examined effects of feeding antioxidants to steers fed microalgae meal on color and palatability of Longissimus lumborum steaks. Steers were fed vitamin E at a level over their nutritional need and a selenium-yeast product in addition to feeding microalgae. Again, feeding microalgae without antioxidants in the diet negatively impacted color during display, but feeding antioxidants significantly improved the color stability. There were no off-flavor differences between steaks from steers fed the diet containing only microalgae and diet containing microalgae with antioxidants. Increasing the antioxidant content of the finishing diet when microalgae was fed is feasible way to increase the color stability of steaks and decrease off-flavors of Longissimus lumborum steaks

Selection efficiency when using a selection index including an all-or-none trait and a normally distributed trait

International audienc

Optimization Studies for ISOL Type High-Powered Targets

The research studied one-step and two-step Isotope Separation on Line (ISOL) targets for future radioactive beam facilities with high driver-beam power through advanced computer simulations. As a target material uranium carbide in the form of foils was used because of increasing demand for actinide targets in rare-isotope beam facilities and because such material was under development in ISAC at TRIUMF when this project started. Simulations of effusion were performed for one-step and two step targets and the effects of target dimensions and foil matrix were studied. Diffusion simulations were limited by availability of diffusion parameters for UCx material at reduced density; however, the viability of the combined diffusion?effusion simulation methodology was demonstrated and could be used to extract physical parameters such as diffusion coefficients and effusion delay times from experimental isotope release curves. Dissipation of the heat from the isotope-producing targets is the limiting factor for high-power beam operation both for the direct and two-step targets. Detailed target models were used to simulate proton beam interactions with the targets to obtain the fission rates and power deposition distributions, which were then applied in the heat transfer calculations to study the performance of the targets. Results indicate that a direct target, with specification matching ISAC TRIUMF target, could operate in 500-MeV proton beam at beam powers up to ~40 kW, producing ~8 1013 fission/s with maximum temperature in UCx below 2200 C. Targets with larger radius allow higher beam powers and fission rates. For the target radius in the range 9-mm to 30-mm the achievable fission rate increases almost linearly with target radius, however, the effusion delay time also increases linearly with target radius