Rare and interesting species of Psathyrella found in the Tatra National Park

Three species of the genus Psathyrella are described and illustrated in the paper. One of them: P. hydrophiloides is new to Poland, while two others: P. conopilus and P. murcida are new to the Polish Carpathians

The genus Hebeloma in the alpine belt of the Carpathians including two new species

Between 2002 and 2012 regular visits to the Carpathians were made and a number of Hebeloma spp. were collected from the alpine area. In total 44 collections were made that represent 11 species, two of which, Hebeloma grandisporum and H oreophilum, are described here as new. Of the 11 species, four (H alpinum, H marginatulum and the two species described as new) are known only from alpine or Arctic habitats. Hebeloma dunense and H mesophaeum are commonly found in, but not restricted to, alpine habitats. The other five species (H aanenii, H laterinum, H naviculosparum, H vaccinum, H velutipes) are usually found in lowland or boreal habitats. Hebeloma naviculosporum is reported for the first time from the alpine zone and H alpinum for the first time as growing with Helianthemum. All but two species (H alpinum, H marginatulum) are reported for the first time from the Carpathian alpine zone. In this paper we discuss the habitat, the 11 recorded species and give detailed descriptions of the two new species, both morphologically and molecularly. A key for Hebeloma species from sect. Hebeloma occurring in Arctic-alpine habitats is provided

Methods of information : "new history" and its epistemological aspects

Generalnym postulatem twórców „nowej historii" jest korelacja metod, badań i wyników nauk humanistycznych z tymi, jakie są stosowane w naukach historycznych. Konsekwencją realizacji tego postulatu będzie wprowadzenie na grunt historii szeregu pojęć funkcjonujących w takich naukach, jak: etnologia, antropologia kultury, socjologia itd. Spośród wielu funkcjonujących tu terminów najbardziej złożony i wieloznaczny jest problem mitu.A general postulate of the originators of so called „new history” is a correlation between methods, research and its findings applied in the humanities with those known in historical sciences. In consequence, history as a discipline will be enriched with notions known in such disciplines as ethnology, anthropology, culture, sociology, etc. Among various terms used in these disciplines, “myth" is the most complex and polysemantic

Meriderma species (Myxomycetes) from the Polish Carpathians: a taxonomic revision using SEM-visualized spore ornamentation

Meriderma represents a recently described genus of nivicolous myxomycetes with high morphological variability. Due to many complications in its taxonomy and species recognition in the past, the group was considered a morphologically variable complex. Recent clarifications and recognition of morphological boundaries into species and morphotypes has fostered a classification revision of specimens found in the Carpathians. Material used in this study was systematically collected in the Polish part of the Carpathians from 2004 to 2009. As a result of micro- and macroscopic observations of 54 collections, we recorded nine taxa of Meriderma. Seven of these (all but M. carestiae and M. cribrarioides) are the first records for Poland and for the Carpathians overall. Our observations based on analysis of spore ornamentation by SEM are in accordance with recently proposed classification and confirm segregation of taxa based on spore ornamentation pattern

Meriderma species (Myxomycetes) from the Polish Carpathians: a taxonomic revision using SEM-visualized spore ornamentation

Meriderma represents a recently described genus of nivicolous myxomycetes with high morphological variability. Due to many complications in its taxonomy and species recognition in the past, the group was considered a morphologically variable complex. Recent clarifications and recognition of morphological boundaries into species and morphotypes has fostered a classification revision of specimens found in the Carpathians. Material used in this study was systematically collected in the Polish part of the Carpathians from 2004 to 2009. As a result of micro- and macroscopic observations of 54 collections, we recorded nine taxa of Meriderma. Seven of these (all but M. carestiae and M. cribrarioides) are the first records for Poland and for the Carpathians overall. Our observations based on analysis of spore ornamentation by SEM are in accordance with recently proposed classification and confirm segregation of taxa based on spore ornamentation pattern

Cochlearia polonica Fröhl. (Brassicaceae), a narrow endemic species of southern Poland: history of conservation efforts, overview of current population resources and genetic structure of populations

Cochlearia polonica Fröhl. (Brassicaceae) is one of the rarest species in the Polish and European flora and a taxon endemic to a very small area in southern Poland. Due to industrial activities and subsequent transformation of habitats it was extinct in all natural localities around 1994. The persistence of the species was ensured thanks to the active protection efforts including a series of transplantations based on the material from the last and decreasing natural population. The history of conservation efforts of C. polonica provides a model example of successful active protection in the European flora. Here, we provide a complete review comprising the following aims: (i) outline of the discovery and taxonomic conceptions on C. polonica, (ii) review of conservation efforts aimed at preserving its populations, (iii) description of the existing population resources, and (iv) analysis of the genetic structure of all existing populations based on previously published data and new, supplementary results