Co-Regulations of Spartina alterniflora Invasion and Exogenous Nitrogen Loading on Soil N2O Efflux in Subtropical Mangrove Mesocosms

We thank Zhonglei Wang, Cunxin Ning, Hui Chen, Qian Huang, Fang Liu and Jian Zhou for their assistance with the greenhouse experiments and gas sampling. We are also grateful to Weimin Song, Rashid Rafique, Junyi Liang, Zheng Shi and Jianyang Xia for editing the manuscript.Both plant invasion and nitrogen (N) enrichment should have significant impact on mangrove ecosystems in coastal regions around the world. However, how N2O efflux in mangrove wetlands responds to these environmental changes has not been well studied. Here, we conducted a mesocosm experiment with native mangrove species Kandelia obovata, invasive salt marsh species Spartina alterniflora, and their mixture in a simulated tide rotation system with or without nitrogen addition. In the treatments without N addition, the N2O effluxes were relatively low and there were no significant variations among the three vegetation types. A pulse loading of exogenous ammonium nitrogen increased N2O effluxes from soils but the stimulatory effect gradually diminished over time, suggesting that frequent measurements are necessary to accurately understand the behavior of N-induced response of N2O emissions. With the N addition, the N2O effluxes from the invasive S. alterniflora were lower than that from native K. obovata mesocosms. This result may be attributed to higher growth of S. alterniflora consuming most of the available nitrogen in soils, and thus inhibiting N2O production. We concluded that N loading significantly increased N2O effluxes, while the invasion of S. alterniflora reduced N2O effluxes response to N loading in this simulated mangrove ecosystem. Thus, both plant invasion and excessive N loading can co-regulate soil N2O emissions from mangrove wetlands, which should be considered when projecting future N2O effluxes from this type of coastal wetland.Yeshttp://www.plosone.org/static/editorial#pee

Mariculture pond influence on mangrove areas in south China: Significantly larger nitrogen and phosphorus loadings from sediment wash-out than from tidal water exchange

National Nature Science Foundation of China [30930017]; Ocean Public Research Fund Projects from the State Oceanic Administration of China [200905009, 201305021]; 973 Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology, China [2013CB956601]The continued overexploitation of coastal fisheries has stimulated rapid development of coastal mariculture. Such mariculture can significantly increase nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to nearby coastal waters, but the pathways of these loadings have not been well studied. In this study, we quantified the nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in selected mariculture ponds next to two mangrove areas in south China: the Zhangjiangkou National Mangrove Nature Reserve in Fujian Province and Zhanjiang National Mangrove Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province. We also estimated the nitrogen and phosphorus loadings from crab, clam and shrimp ponds for the entire coastal region of south China. The studied mariculture ponds - crab, clam and shrimp - had a net release of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) through water exchange of -0.06, 0.31 and 1.17 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), and a net release of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) of -0.01, -0.03 and 0.40 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1) respectively. In contrast, pond sediment wash- out resulted in total nitrogen (TN) loading of 96.38, 375.2, and 712.84 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), and total phosphorus (TP) loading of 464.69, 488.18, and 353.86 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively, 100-1000 times higher than the loading from tidal water exchange. The NH4+-N:NO3--N ratio of the DIN during the ebb tide (mariculture output) was higher than that during the flood tide, indicating that the mariculture ponds could increase the NH4+-N in mangrove swamps. For the entire region of south China, about 239.5 t yr(-1) of DIN and 42.8 t yr(-1) of DIP were released through tidal water exchange of the mariculture ponds, while about 2.7 x 10(5) t yr(-1) of TN and 1.7 x 10(5) t yr(-1) of TP were released through the sediment discharge from the rearing and fodder ponds. Thus, most of the nitrogen and phosphorus loads to the nearby mangrove swamps are from sediment discharge rather than from tidal water exchange. Although preliminary results on the spatial distribution of loaded nutrients indicated that mangrove sediments could be a sink for nitrogen and phosphorus, the fates and impact of mariculture ponds discharge in the mangrove and other coastal wetlands require further investigation

sj-docx-1-wmr-10.1177_0734242X241231394 – Supplemental material for Recycling alkali lignin-derived biochar with adsorbed cadmium into cost-effective CdS/C photocatalyst for methylene blue removal

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wmr-10.1177_0734242X241231394 for Recycling alkali lignin-derived biochar with adsorbed cadmium into cost-effective CdS/C photocatalyst for methylene blue removal by Peng Yu, Ronghao Zhuang, Hui Liu, Zhiguo Wang, Chun Zhang, Qiongchao Wang, Hongyu Sun and Wei Huang in Waste Management & Research</p

Serological investigation and isolation of Salmonella abortus equi in horses in Xinjiang

Abstract Background Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar abortus equi (S. abortus equi) is one of the main pathogens that causes abortion in pregnant horses and donkeys, which was highly infectious and greatly restricts the healthy development of the horse industry. Objectives In order to investigate the prevalence and biological characteristics of S. abortus equi in different regions and breeds of horses in Xinjiang. Methods This study conducted ELISA detection of S. abortus equi antibodies on serum samples of 971 horses collected from three large-scale horse farms and five free-range horse farms in Yili Prefecture and Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang from 2020 to 2023. On this basis, bacterial isolation, culture, identification, and drug sensitivity tests were conducted on 42 samples of aborted foal tissues and 23 mare vaginal swabs. Results The results showed that the positive rate of S. abortus equi antibody was as high as 20.91% in 971 horse serum samples. Among them, the positive rate in the Ili region (29.09%) was significantly higher than that in the Bayingole region (11.24%), and the positive rate in mares (22.45%) was higher than that in stallions (14.05%). In terms of horse breeds, the positive rates of self-propagating thoroughbred horses, half-bred horses, Ili horses and Yanqi horses were 43.22%, 28.81%, 14.72% and 11.24% respectively. In addition, S. abortus equi was more susceptible to juvenile and elderly horses, with positive rates of 70.00%and 41.86%, respectively, both of which were significantly higher than young (10.97%) and adult (19.79%) horses. Further, 9 strains of S. abortus equi were obtained through bacterial isolation, culture and identification, which were resistant to five antibiotics (Clarithromycin, Clindamycin, penicillin, Sulfamethoxazole and Rifampicin), and sensitive to 13 antimicrobial agents (Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin, et al.). Conclusion There was a high infection rate of S. abortus equi in Ili Prefecture and self-propagating thoroughbred horses, and juvenile or old mares were more susceptible, which will provide scientific basis for the prevention of S. abortus equi infection in different regions and breeds of horses in Xinjiang

Variation of N₂O effluxes in different vegetation types (a: KO, b: mixture and c: SA) with and without N addition (Control) during the entire experiment period.

<p>See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0146199#pone.0146199.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a> for abbreviations.</p

Mean rates of N₂O effluxes from mesocosms with different vegetation types (a: KO, b: mix and c: SA) with and without N addition (Control) for the three periods.

<p>See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0146199#pone.0146199.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a> for abbreviations.</p

Section view of the experimental mesocosms used in the experiment (a) and the changes of water depth in the experimental mesocosms with time (b). See Section 2.1 for details; the picture of mesocosms (c: <i>K. obovata</i> (KO) without N addition, d: KO with N addition, e: <i>S. alterniflora</i> (SA) without N addition, f: SA with N addition); the root of KO (g) and SA (h).

<p>Section view of the experimental mesocosms used in the experiment (a) and the changes of water depth in the experimental mesocosms with time (b). See Section 2.1 for details; the picture of mesocosms (c: <i>K. obovata</i> (KO) without N addition, d: KO with N addition, e: <i>S. alterniflora</i> (SA) without N addition, f: SA with N addition); the root of KO (g) and SA (h).</p

BHLHE40 Inhibits Ferroptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells via Upregulating SREBF1

Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PCa) is one of the most fatal human malignancies. The enhanced infiltration of stromal tissue into the PCa tumor microenvironment limits the identification of key tumor‐specific transcription factors and epigenomic abnormalities in malignant epithelial cells. Integrated transcriptome and epigenetic multiomics analyses of the paired PCa organoids indicate that the basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor 40 (BHLHE40) is significantly upregulated in tumor samples. Increased chromatin accessibility at the promoter region and enhanced mTOR pathway activity contribute to the elevated expression of BHLHE40. Integrated analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation‐seq, RNA‐seq, and high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture data, together with chromosome conformation capture assays, indicate that BHLHE40 not only regulates sterol regulatory element‐binding factor 1 (SREBF1) transcription as a classic transcription factor but also links the enhancer and promoter regions of SREBF1. It is found that the BHLHE40‐SREBF1‐stearoyl‐CoA desaturase axis protects PCa cells from ferroptosis, resulting in the reduced accumulation of lipid peroxidation. Moreover, fatostatin, an SREBF1 inhibitor, significantly suppresses the growth of PCa tumors with high expressions of BHLHE40. This study highlights the important roles of BHLHE40‐mediated lipid peroxidation in inducing ferroptosis in PCa cells and provides a novel mechanism underlying SREBF1 overexpression in PCa