The Examination of Ancient Chinese People’s Aesthetic Inclination by Looking at the Moral of “Ospreys”

Confucianist of the Han Dynasty took the crying together of male and female ospreys in the the song “Fair, cry the ospreys” of the Book of Songs or Poetry (Shijing)as the harmonious relations of husband and wife. From Kongying of the Tang dynasty to Zhuxi of the Northern Song dynasty, as well as notes and commentaries of the Book of Songs or Poetry (Shijing) up to now, all have followed such an explanation. As a matter of fact, such an explanation is a wrong. What should be pointed out is: The moral of the line “"Fair, fair," cry the ospreys on the island in the river.”is not singing praise of the virtues of the girl to “attract the male’s attention”, nor does it mean the beautiful singing of the ospreys and the Spring aroma have aroused the romantic feelings of the girl and the gentleman. On the contrary, it is the picture of ospreys catching and enjoying fish in the river that aroused the gentleman’s desire to court the girl. On the basis of this understanding we can see that, in explaining the Book of Songs or Poetry (Shijing), later generations have demonstrated a romantic aesthetic inclination. Keywords: Ospreys, Moral, Aesthetic inclination Résumé Les intellectuels des Hans ont interprété le cri d’un couple d’orfraies dans Les Orfraies, Le Livre des odes comme la bonne entente d’un couple. Kong Yinda, Zhu Xi, et la plupart des commentataires d’aujourd’hui ont tous adopté cette interprétation. Mais c’est un malentendu. « Guan ! Guan ! crient les orfraies, sur l’île de la rivière », cette première ligne ne chante pas la vertu de la femme de l’empereur Wen de la dynastie des Zhous, ni signifie que le chant des orfraies et l’atmosphère du printemps excitent la belle fille et le gentleman, mais que l’image des orfraies qui mangent les poissons soulève le désir du gentleman de chercher son épouse. D’où on peut constater que les commentataires ont manifesté une tendance esthétique romantiste en commentant Le Livre des odes. Mots-clés: orfraies, métaphore, tendance esthétique 摘要 漢儒將《詩經•關雎》中雎鳩雌雄和鳴比喻成夫妻和諧相處 , 從孔穎達到朱熹，以及至今大量的《詩經》注本都在沿襲著漢儒的解釋。這一詮釋實際上是一種誤解。應該修正的是：“關關雎鳩，在河之洲”的興義，既不是美後妃之德，不是“以義鳴其雄”，也不是指好鳥的和鳴﹑春天的氣息，喚起淑女和君子，而是雎鳩在河洲食魚的景象，喚起了君子求偶于淑女的願望。基於這種認識，可以看出，後人在詮釋《詩經》時表現出一種浪漫主義審美傾向。 關鍵詞：雎鳩；喻意；審美傾

Non-equilibrium dynamics of simple spherical spin models

We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of spherical spin models with two-spin interactions. For the exactly solvable models of the d-dimensional spherical ferromagnet and the spherical Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model the asymptotic dynamics has for large times and for large waiting times the same formal structure. In the limit of large waiting times we find in both models an intermediate time scale, scaling as a power of the waiting time with an exponent smaller than one, and thus separating the time-translation invariant short-time dynamics from the aging regime. It is this time scale on which the fluctuation-dissipation regime is violated. Aging in these models is similar to that observed in spin glasses at the level of correlation functions, but different at the level of response functions, and thus different at the level of experimentally accessible quantities like the thermoremanent magnetization.Comment: 8 pages, 1 eps figur

Antiosteoporotic Activity of Dioscorea alata L. cv. Phyto through Driving Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation for Bone Formation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an ethanol extract of the rhizomes of Dioscorea alata L. cv. Phyto, Dispo85E, on bone formation and to investigate the mechanisms involved. Our results showed that Dispo85E increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone nodule formation in primary bone marrow cultures. In addition, Dispo85E stimulated pluripotent C3H10T1/2 stem cells to differentiate into osteoblasts rather than adipocytes. Our in vivo data indicated that Dispo85E promotes osteoblastogenesis by increasing ALP activity and bone nodule formation in both intact and ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Microcomputed tomography (μCT) analysis also showed that Dispo85E ameliorates the deterioration of trabecular bone mineral density (tBMD), trabecular bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), and trabecular bone number (Tb.N) in OVX mice. Our results suggested that Dispo85E is a botanical drug with a novel mechanism that drives the lineage-specific differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells and is a candidate drug for osteoporosis therapy

Downregulation of CD147 expression alters cytoskeleton architecture and inhibits gelatinase production and SAPK pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>CD147 plays a critical role in the invasive and metastatic activity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by stimulating the surrounding fibroblasts to express matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Tumor cells adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is the first step to the tumor metastasis. MMPs degrade the ECM to promote tumor metastasis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA) against CD147 (si-CD147) on hepatocellular carcinoma cells' (SMMC-7721) architecture and functions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Flow cytometry and western blot assays were employed to detect the transfection efficiency of si-CD147. Confocal microscopy was used to determine the effects of si-CD147 on SMMC-7721 cells' cytoskeleton. Invasion assay, gelatin zymography and cell adhesion assay were employed to investigate the effects of si-CD147 on SMMC-7721 cells' invasion, gelatinase production and cell adhesive abilities. Western blot assay was utilized to detect the effects of si-CD147 on focal adhesion kinase (FAK), vinculiln and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression in SMMC-7721 cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Downregulation of CD147 gene induced the alteration of SMMC-7721 cell cytoskeleton including actin, microtubule and vimentin filaments, and inhibited gelatinase production and expression, cells invasion, FAK and vinculin expression. si-CD147 also blocked SMMC-7721 cells adhesion to collagen IV and phosphorylation level of SAPK/JNKs. SAPK/JNKs inhibitor SP600125 inhibited gelatinase production and expression.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>CD147 is required for normal tumor cell architecture and cell invasion. Downregulation of CD147 affects HCC cell structure and function. Moreover, the alteration of cell behavior may be related to SAPK/JNK Pathway. siRNA against CD147 may be a possible new approach for HCC gene therapy.</p

THE INFLUENCE OF ARCH SUPPORT INSOLE ON BASKETBALL JUMP SHOT

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of arch support insole on jump shot scored percentage and kinetics. Eleven females Division I basketball participated in this study. They performed the jump shots until 5 shots were scored in arch support insoles and flat insoles. Kinematic data were collected with a motion analysis system (Motion Analysis Corporation, Santa Rosa, CA, USA) at 200-Hz sampling rate. Kinetic data were collected with two AMTl force platforms (AMTI Inc., Watertown, MA, USA) at 2000-Hz sampling rate. Non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare differences between arch support insole and flat insole on variables. No difference was found on jump shot scored percentage, jump height, peak ground reaction force, time to peak force and rate of force development. Wearing arch supporting insole did not influence the jump shot scored percentage and kinetics during jump shot

EFFECT OF ARCH SUPPORT FOOT ORTHOSIS ON LOWER WTREMIN LOADING AND KINEMATICS DURING THE REBOUND

The purpose of this study was to determine whether arch support foot orthosis was capable of altering lower extremity loading and kinematics during the rebound. Nineteen female Division I basketball players participated in this study. Utilizing a repeated measures design, participants completed two rebound tasks with and without the arch support foot orthosis. Results showed that the selected arch support foot orthosis significantly decreased the peak impact force, knee internal rotation and foot inversion angle at the initial contact of the ground compared to those of the flat insole. It suggested that the use of the arch support foot orthosis can decrease the lower extremity loading and further decrease the risk of ACL injury in female basketball players

Emerging perceptions of teacher quality and teacher development in China

This paper focuses on the work of senior high school teachers in three representative local authority regions of mainland China. It discusses interview and focus group data collected as part of an ESRC/DfID-funded project which examined notions of quality as experienced by key stakeholders (national and local authority policy makers, teachers, head teachers and students). Building on previous international literature this paper gives a more nuanced understanding of quality and effectiveness in teaching by re-examining the dimensions of professional characteristics, classroom practice, school culture and classroom climate from the perceptions of Chinese teachers. Barriers to quality included changing societal patterns, the demands of curriculum reform, and common concerns with structural and funding constraints, which in poorer rural areas are typically reported to lead to low levels of teacher quality, shortages of specialised teachers and a lack of opportunity for good quality professional development