Marine wildlife in Brazilian zoohandicrafts: assessing the expansion of an uncontrolled trade

The trade of wild animal parts as souvenirs, hereafter termed zoohandicrafts, has witnessed significant growth in Brazil due to increasing tourism and the associated demand for souvenirs. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of marine wildlife traded as zoohandicrafts along the Brazilian coast, identify the prevalent categories for these products, and assess the extent of this trade across the country. Sampling was conducted in 23 markets at tourist destinations, covering 11 states from the Northern, Northeastern, Southeastern, and Southern regions of Brazil, between 2017 and 2022. A total of 160 items or voucher specimens were examined, revealing the presence of 68 invertebrate species and two fishes. Statistical analysis indicated significant variations in the number of species across different categories of use and within the visited states and regions. Several species were found to serve multiple purposes. Whole mollusk shells constituted the most frequently traded item, with 58 identified species. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed two distinct groups—one including species with diverse uses in all regions of Brazil and the other encompassing species predominantly associated with decoration and religious purposes—particularly in the Northeastern and Southeastern regions of Brazil. An increasing diversity of species and a lower frequency of use were observed in the Southeastern region, relative to the Northeastern region. Approximately 20% of the species recorded are exclusively from the Indo-Pacific Ocean and are regarded as non-native to Brazil. Only 12 of the species were listed in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, and two are regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). This research sheds light on the status of the zoohandicraft trade in Brazil and highlights the lack of regulatory measures, the potential threats posed to biodiversity loss, and the economic importance of these species for people’s livelihoods. Further investigations are required to gain a comprehensive understanding of the actual social, economic, and ecological impacts of the trade in zoohandicrafts in Brazil and to devise strategies that promote both conservation and the socioeconomic wellbeing of all people involved in this commerce, from sourcing, production, distribution, and sale

Estudo da anatomia dos moluscos do gênero Cyphoma Roding, 1798 (Gastropoda - Ovulidae) que ocorrem no Brasil

The present study is based on the morfoanatomic description of the genus Cyphoma mollusks (Castropoda-Ovulidae) which occurs in Brazil, trying also to solve the taxonomic problems found in the specialized literature. From the four brazilian species, it was the first description the soft parts of C. macumba, C. intermedium and a complementary description of C.signatum. C. gibbosum, a very rare specie in Brazil, is described based on the bibliography and on anatomic comparisons with the other species analised. The mantle pattern and the radula were the caracterers more used to differentiate the species. A revision on the geographic distribuition of these species is done. C. signatum was the only species that showed doubts on the specific identification, due to the marking differences between the specimens analised and the description found in the literature.CAPESO estudo baseia-se na descrição morfoanatômica dos moluscos do gênero Cyphoma Roding, 1790 (astropoda – Ovulidae) que ocorrem no Brasil, procurando-se também resolver os Problemas taxonômicos encontrados na literatura especializada. Das 4 espécies brasileiras descreve-se pela primeira vez as partes moles de C. macumba Petuch, 1979 C. Intermedium(Sowerby, 1828) e complementa-se a descrição de C. signatum Pishry & Meginty, 1939 e C. gibbosum (Linnaeus, 1758), espécie muita rara no Brasil, é descrita baseada em bibliografia e por comparações anatômicas com as demais espécies analisadas. O padrão do manto e a rádula foram os caracteres mais utilizados na diferenciação das espécies. Faz-se ainda uma revisão da distribuição geográfica das espécies C. signatum foi a única espécie que mostrou dúvidas na identificação específica, pelas diferenças marcantes entre os exemplares examinados e as caracterizações encontradas na literatura

Diagnóstico de tamponamento cardíaco em quadro de parada cardiorrespiratória neonatal utilizando-se ultrassonografia point-of-care: relato de caso

Introduction: Following the advances in medicine, ultrasound at the bedside (point-of-care ultrasound) has become a fundamental part of emergency medical assistance and emergency. The safety and ease of this exam make it a valuable tool to provide information in real time, helping to interpret signs and symptoms and, consequently, to make the diagnosis faster and more accurate. In the pediatric intensive care area, the point-of-care USG can be even more relevant, especially when it comes to the investigation of acute conditions, such as cases of neonatal cardiopulmonary arrest. Objective: To report a case of cardiorespiratory arrest due to cardiac tamponade in a pediatric patient and to highlight the importance of point-of-care ultrasonography in the diagnostic and therapeutic process of the case. Case Report: Premature newborn, female, born at 26 weeks and admitted to the Intensive Care Unit for support. The patient evolved with apnea and hemodynamic instability and subsequent cardiorespiratory arrest. In the diagnostic process, the main causes of cardiorespiratory arrest were investigated according to the American Heart Association's Pediatric Advanced Life Support protocol. After analyzing the symptoms and the patient's evolution, one of the main hypotheses suggested was cardiac tamponade, whose definitive diagnosis was made by means of point-of-care ultrasonography. Conclusion: Point-of-care ultrasonography has proved to be extremely important as it allows for a quick and accurate diagnosis, in addition to allowing adequate treatment and complete reversal of the patient's clinical condition. In addition, this test was able to show the probable cause of cardiac tamponade, revealing an intracardiac perforation possibly caused by the peripherally inserted central catheter used in the patient.Introdução: Acompanhando os avanços da medicina, a ultrassonografia à beira do leito (point-of-care ultrasound) tornou-se parte fundamental do atendimento médico de urgência e emergência. A segurança e a facilidade desse exame complementar fazem dele uma ferramenta valiosa para fornecer informações em tempo real, auxiliando na interpretação dos sinais e sintomas e, consequentemente, na elaboração mais rápida e precisa do diagnóstico. Na área de medicina intensiva pediátrica, a USG point-of-care consegue ser ainda mais relevante, sobretudo quando se trata da investigação de quadros agudos, como casos de parada cardiorrespiratória neonatal. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de parada cardiorrespiratória por tamponamento cardíaco em paciente pediátrico e evidenciar a importância da ultrassonografia point-of-care no processo diagnóstico e terapêutico do caso. Relato de Caso: Recém-nascido prematuro, do sexo feminino, nascido de 26 semanas e internado em unidade de terapia intensiva para suporte. A paciente evoluiu com apneia e instabilidade hemodinâmica e posterior parada cardiorrespiratória. No processo diagnóstico, foram investigadas as principais causas de parada cardiorrespiratória de acordo com o protocolo Pediatric Advanced Life Support da American Heart Association. Após análise do quadro clínico e evolução da paciente, uma das principais hipóteses sugeridas foi o tamponamento cardíaco, cujo diagnóstico definitivo foi realizado por meio da ultrassonografia point-of-care. Conclusões: A ultrassonografia point-of-care demonstrou ser extremamente importante por permitir um diagnóstico rápido e preciso, além de ter possibilitado tratamento adequado e reversão completa do quadro clínico da paciente. Além disso, esse exame de imagem foi capaz de evidenciar a provável causa do tamponamento cardíaco, revelando uma perfuração intracardíaca possivelmente acarretada pelo cateter central de inserção periférica utilizado na paciente