Molecular caracterization of a corn core collection–landraces subgroup

The efficient use of genetic resources- stored in germplasm collections can be maximized if morphoagronomic and molecular information on the accessions is made available. To achieve this, a collection that is well-structured, well-curated and easily accessible (the core collection) is required. Consequently, the objective of the current study was to characterize 80 landrace accessions from the maize core collection of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), and assay thenngenetic diversity of the various landraces, considering grain type and ecogeographic origin. For this, AFLP analysis was performed using 12 primer combinations. Genetic diversity of the collection was quantified with the UPGMA method, using the Jaccard Index to quantify dissimilarity. The core collection was divided into four sub-populations by grain type, and into six sub-populations based on ecogeographic origin. Genetic diversity analysis was performed both within and between sub-populations. A high level of genetic variability was found among the landrace accessions of UFV Core Collection, principally among those accessions with dentate type grains.Classification by grain type andecogeographic origin allowed genetically divergent groups to be distinguished.The efficient use of genetic resources- stored in germplasm collections can be maximized if morphoagronomic and molecular information on the accessions is made available. To achieve this, a collection that is well-structured, well-curated and easily accessible (the core collection) is required. Consequently, the objective of the current study was to characterize 80 landrace accessions from the maize core collection of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), and assay thenngenetic diversity of the various landraces, considering grain type and ecogeographic origin. For this, AFLP analysis was performed using 12 primer combinations. Genetic diversity of the collection was quantified with the UPGMA method, using the Jaccard Index to quantify dissimilarity. The core collection was divided into four sub-populations by grain type, and into six sub-populations based on ecogeographic origin. Genetic diversity analysis was performed both within and between sub-populations. A high level of genetic variability was found among the landrace accessions of UFV Core Collection, principally among those accessions with dentate type grains.Classification by grain type and ecogeographic origin allowed genetically divergent groups to be distinguished

MORTALITY RISK OF COLORECTAL CANCER IN BRAZIL FROM 1980 TO 2013

ABSTRACT Background - Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer worldwide, and variation in its mortality rates indicates the importance of environmental factors in its occurrence. While trend studies have indicated a reduction in colorectal cancer mortality rates in most developed countries, the same trends have not been observed in developing countries. Moreover, trends may differ when analyzed by age and sex. Objective - The present study aimed to analyze the trends in risk of colorectal cancer death in Brazil based on sex and age group. Methods - Death records were obtained from the Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health. The risk of death and the average annual percent changes (AAPC) in the mortality rates were estimated using joinpoint analysis of long-term trends from 1980 to 2013. All of the statistical tests were two-sided and had a significance level of 5%. Results - Colorectal cancer mortality rates were found to have increased in the last 15 years for both sexes and for all age ranges. The rate ratio (RR) was statistically higher at ages 70 to 79 for men (RR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.26; 1.49) compared to women (RR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.06; 1.24). Increases in AAPC were observed in both sexes. Although men presented higher percent changes (AAPC: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1; 2.6) compared to women (AAPC: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.4; 2.0), this difference was not statistically significant. Growth trends in mortality rates occurred in all age groups except for in women over 70. Conclusion - Unlike Europe and the US, Brazil has shown increases in death rates due to colorectal cancer in the last three decades; however, more favorable trends were observed in women over 70 years old. The promotion of healthier lifestyles in addition to early diagnosis and improved treatment should guide the public health policies targeting reductions in colorectal cancer

Crescimento inicial de Parkia platycephala (Benth.) e Enterolobium timbouva (Mart.) sob condições de campo numa área de Cerrado

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o crescimento inicial de Parkia platycephala e de Enterolobium timbouva (Mimosaceae), espécies arbóreas nativas de Cerrado, em uma área de Cerrado sentido restrito, no município de Porto Nacional, Tocantins. Foram analisados 20 indivíduos, com leituras realizadas a cada 30 dias, de fevereiro de 2008 a fevereiro de 2010, observando-se as seguintes variáveis: número de folhas, altura da planta e diâmetro do caule. Entre agosto de 2008 e fevereiro de 2010, estudou-se também a dinâmica foliar, para a qual foram selecionados, aleatoriamente, cinco indivíduos de cada espécie, nos quais foram escolhidos três ramos e todas as suas folhas foram marcadas. Para cada folha marcada, foram anotados os períodos de natalidade e de abscisão. Avaliou-se, ainda, a herbivoria foliar, por meio de uma escala de quatro classes com intervalos de 25% entre elas. De acordo com os dados analisados, pôde-se verificar que P. platycephala e E. timbouva apresentaram maior produção de folhas, bem como maior crescimento em altura, no período chuvoso. Em relação ao diâmetro, P. platycephala apresentou resultados superiores àqueles observados em E. timbouva. A taxa de crescimento relativo apresentou aumentos mais pronunciados durante o período chuvoso, em ambas as espécies. No que se refere à herbivoria, também foi verificado um aumento em sua intensidade, no período chuvoso, nas duas espécies. Como elas foram expostas a condições ambientais semelhantes, a maior taxa de crescimento relativo, observada em P. platycephala, pode ser atribuída às suas características fisiológicas e anatômicas, que, dentre outros fatores, contribuíram para menor predação por herbívoros

Variabilidade fenotípica e divergência genética em clones de batata doce no estado do Tocantins Phenotypic variability and genetic diversity in sweet potato clones in the state of Tocantins

Com objetivo de avaliar a variabilidade fenotípica e a divergência genética entre 50 clones de batata doce, foi realizado um ensaio na Estação Experimental da Universidade Federal do Tocantins - Campus de Palmas, no ano agrícola 2009/2010. A divergência genética foi avaliada pelo método de agrupamento de otimização de Tocher. As características estudadas foram produtividade, produção de matéria seca, teor de amido e rendimento de etanol. O método de otimização por Tocher separou os clones em oito grupos geneticamente distintos. As características produtividade (70,15%) e rendimento em etanol (15,06%) foram as que mais contribuíram na divergência genética entre os clones. A presença de variabilidade genética permitiu a identificação de cultivares dissimilares e com média elevada indicando a possibilidade de seleção de genótipos superiores para as características estudadas. Os cruzamentos Duda x 22.19, Marcela x 22.19, Barbara x 22.19, Duda x Barbara, Amanda x 22.19, Amanda x Marcela são promissores para obtenção de híbridos divergentes.In order to evaluate the phenotypic variability and genetic divergence between 50 clones of the sweet potato, a test was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Federal Universidade of Tocantins, Palmas Campus, in the agricultural year of 2009/2010. The genetic diversity was assessed using the Tocher grouping optimization method. The characteristics studied were productivity, dry matter production, starch content and ethanol yield. The Tocher optimization method separated the clones into eight genetically distinct groups. The characteristics of productivity (70.15%) and ethanol yield (15.06%) were those that most affected genetic divergence among the clones. The presence of genetic variability permitted the identification of dissimilar cultivars with a high average, indicating the possibility of selecting superior genotypes for the traits studied. The Duda x 22.19, Marcela x 22.19, Barbara x 22:19, Duda x Barbara, Amanda x 22:19, Amanda x Marcela crossbreeds are those which are promising for obtaining divergent hybrids

Molecular caracterization of a corn core collection–landraces subgroup = Caracterização molecular de acessos de uma coleção núcleo de milho, subgrupo landraces

The efficient use of genetic resources- stored in germplasm collections can be maximized if morphoagronomic and molecular information on the accessions is made available. To achieve this, a collection that is well-structured, well-curated and easily accessible (the core collection) is required. Consequently, the objective of the current study was to characterize 80 landrace accessions from the maize core collection of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), and assay thenngenetic diversity of the various landraces, considering grain type and ecogeographic origin. For this, AFLP analysis was performed using 12 primer combinations. Genetic diversity of the collection was quantified with the UPGMA method, using the Jaccard Index to quantify dissimilarity. The core collection was divided into four sub-populations by grain type, and into six sub-populations based on ecogeographic origin. Genetic diversity analysis was performed both within and between sub-populations. A high level of genetic variability was found among the landrace accessions of UFV Core Collection, principally among those accessions with dentate type grains.Classification by grain type and ecogeographic origin allowed genetically divergent groups to be distinguished. = A utilização eficiente de recursos genéticos, armazenados em coleções de germoplasma, pode ser maximizada se informações morfo-agronômicas e moleculares sobre os acessos forem disponibilizadas. Para isso, é necessária a existência de uma coleção racionalizada, refinada e estruturada, chamada de coleção núcleo. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho caracterizar molecularmente 80 acessos landraces da coleção núcleo de milho da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) e verificar a diversidade genética com relação à estratificação, considerando tipo de grão e origem ecogeográfica. Para isso, foi realizada análise de AFLP, utilizando-se 12 combinações de primers. A diversidade genética da coleção foi quantificada utilizando o método de UPGMA, tendo como medida de dissimilaridade o complemento do índice de Jaccard. A coleção núcleo foi estratificada em quatro sub-populações quanto ao tipo de grãos e seis quanto à origem ecogeográfica. Foi realizada análise de diversidade genética tanto entre quanto dentro das subpopulações. Foi verificada grande variabilidade genética entre os acessos landraces da Coleção Núcleo da UFV, principalmente entre os acessos com grãos do tipo dentado, e que a estratificação quanto ao tipo de grãos e origem ecogeográfica foi eficiente para a obtenção de grupos geneticamente divergentes. . .

Molecular caracterization of a corn core collection–landraces subgroup

The efficient use of genetic resources- stored in germplasm collections can be maximized if morphoagronomic and molecular information on the accessions is made available. To achieve this, a collection that is well-structured, well-curated and easily accessible (the core collection) is required. Consequently, the objective of the current study was to characterize 80 landrace accessions from the maize core collection of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), and assay thenngenetic diversity of the various landraces, considering grain type and ecogeographic origin. For this, AFLP analysis was performed using 12 primer combinations. Genetic diversity of the collection was quantified with the UPGMA method, using the Jaccard Index to quantify dissimilarity. The core collection was divided into four sub-populations by grain type, and into six sub-populations based on ecogeographic origin. Genetic diversity analysis was performed both within and between sub-populations. A high level of genetic variability was found among the landrace accessions of UFV Core Collection, principally among those accessions with dentate type grains.Classification by grain type andecogeographic origin allowed genetically divergent groups to be distinguished.The efficient use of genetic resources- stored in germplasm collections can be maximized if morphoagronomic and molecular information on the accessions is made available. To achieve this, a collection that is well-structured, well-curated and easily accessible (the core collection) is required. Consequently, the objective of the current study was to characterize 80 landrace accessions from the maize core collection of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), and assay thenngenetic diversity of the various landraces, considering grain type and ecogeographic origin. For this, AFLP analysis was performed using 12 primer combinations. Genetic diversity of the collection was quantified with the UPGMA method, using the Jaccard Index to quantify dissimilarity. The core collection was divided into four sub-populations by grain type, and into six sub-populations based on ecogeographic origin. Genetic diversity analysis was performed both within and between sub-populations. A high level of genetic variability was found among the landrace accessions of UFV Core Collection, principally among those accessions with dentate type grains.Classification by grain type and ecogeographic origin allowed genetically divergent groups to be distinguished

Comportamento de cultivares de milho em Minas Gerais - safras 1998/1999 e 1999/20001

Com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento de cultivares de milho de diferentes ciclos nas regiões da Zona da Mata e Triângulo Mineiro, nove ensaios de competição entre cultivares de milho de ciclos, superprecoce, precoce e normal foram instalados pelo Programa Milho UFV em Coimbra, Ponte Nova e Capinópolis, nos anos agrícolas de 1998/1999 e 1999/2000. Em todos ensaios foram utilizados delineamentos em látice com duas repetições e avaliados 180 híbridos no total. A parcela foi constituída de duas linhas de 5 m de comprimento, espaçadas de 1,0 m. O comportamento dos cultivares foi contrastante em locais e anos, caracterizando interação anos x genótipos x ambientes. Entre todos os ensaios, o que apresentou a maior média foi o de ciclo precoce realizado em Coimbra, com 10.199 kg ha“, e e cultivar com maior rendimento de grãos foi o HT 970556, com 12.132 kg ha“. Os rendimentos de grãos obtidos pelas testemunhas foram superados em todos os ensaios por alguns cultivares, evidenciando a importância da avaliação e introdução contínua de novos cultivares. Concluiu-se que os programas de melhoramento brasileiros tem disponibilizado cultivares com alto potencial produtivo; o comportamento dos cultivares deve ser avaliado em mais de um ano e maior número de locais; as altas médias de rendimento de grãos obtidas em dado local não são repetidas em outros locais e em outros anos e para a indicação mais precisa de qual cultivar plantar, deve-se considerar o seu desempenho na região específica de cultivo, buscando otimizar o potencial produtivo do cultivar.The objective of this paper was to evaluate maize cultivars at different maturity cycles in the tropical lowlaod areas (under 720 m) in Minas Gerais, Brazil, Nine experiments using superprecocious, precocious and normal cultivars were evaluated by Programa Milho at the Experimental Station in Coimbra, Ponte Nova, and Capinópolis, in 1998/1999 and 1999/2000. The experimental design was a lattice with two replications for each experiment. A total of 180 maize cultivars were evaluated in the experiments. The plot consisted of two 5 m long, 1.0 m spaced lines. Cultivar performance differed in places and years, characterizing years x genotypes x environment interaction. The precocious cultivar (Coimbra) presented the highest average (10. 199 kg ha'l) and the HT 970556 was the most productive (12.132 kg ha'l). Grain yield obtained by the controls was surpassed in ali assays by some cultivars, showing the importance of continuously evaluating and introducing new cultivars. It was concluded that Brazilian breeding programs have produced cultivars with a high genetic potential; cultivars' performance must be evaluated over one year and at a larger number of places; the high grain yield averages obtained in a particular area are not repeated in other areas and years, and for a more precise indication of which cultivar to plant, its perfomance in its specific cultivation regio