Methods of determining loads and fiber orientations in anisotropic non-crystalline materials using energy flux deviation

An ultrasonic wave is applied to an anisotropic sample material in an initial direction and an angle of flux deviation of the ultrasonic wave front is measured from this initial direction. This flux deviation angle is induced by the unknown applied load. The flux shift is determined between this flux deviation angle and a previously determined angle of flux deviation of an ultrasonic wave applied to a similar anisotropic reference material under an initial known load condition. This determined flux shift is then compared to a plurality of flux shifts of a similarly tested, similar anisotropic reference material under a plurality of respective, known load conditions, whereby the load applied to the particular anisotropic sample material is determined. A related method is disclosed for determining the fiber orientation from known loads and a determined flux shift

Method of determining load in anisotropic non-crystalline materials using energy flux deviation

An ultrasonic wave is applied to an anisotropic sample material in an initial direction and the intensity of the ultrasonic wave is measured on an opposite surface of the sample material by two adjacent receiving points located in an array of receiving points. A ratio is determined between the measured intensities of two adjacent receiving points, the ratio being indicative of an angle of flux deviation from the initial direction caused by an unknown applied load. This determined ratio is then compared to a plurality of ratios of a similarly tested, similar anisotropic reference material under a plurality of respective, known load conditions, whereby the load applied to the particular anisotropic sample material is determined. A related method is disclosed for determining the fiber orientation from known loads and a determined flux shift

Emissionsmessungen im GHz-Bereich - Bestimmung des Einflusses des Nahfeldes von großen Prüflingen

In der CISPR 16-1-4 wurde im Jahr 2007 das sogenannte Site VSWR Verfahren zur Validierung von EMV Messplätzen in die CISPR 16-1-4 eingeführt. Nachdem einige Punkte wie Antennenöffnungswinkel der Empfangsantennen und Volumengröße des Prüflings im Verhältnis zum Messabstand weiterer Klärung bedürfen, wurde auf der CISPR Sitzung in Seattle eine Ad Hoc Gruppe ins Leben gerufen. Diese Ad Hoc Gruppe hat zwei Themen zu bearbeiten. Zum einen wurden in einem Rundversuch die gängigen und verfügbaren Antennen untersucht und zum anderen weitere Untersuchungen zum Prüflingsvolumen und dem Abstrahlverhalten durchgeführt. Vom Autor wurde 2012 in der CISPR Sitzung ein theoretisches Papier dazu präsentiert. Im April dieses Jahres wurden in der 10 m Halle bei der SLG in Hartmannsdorf Messungen zur Verifizierung der Theorie durchgeführt. Die Theorie und die dazugehörigen Messungen werden vorgestellt, weitere Schlüsse und entsprechende Eingaben bei CISPR diskutiert

GEMv2 : Multilingual NLG benchmarking in a single line of code

Evaluation in machine learning is usually informed by past choices, for example which datasets or metrics to use. This standardization enables the comparison on equal footing using leaderboards, but the evaluation choices become sub-optimal as better alternatives arise. This problem is especially pertinent in natural language generation which requires ever-improving suites of datasets, metrics, and human evaluation to make definitive claims. To make following best model evaluation practices easier, we introduce GEMv2. The new version of the Generation, Evaluation, and Metrics Benchmark introduces a modular infrastructure for dataset, model, and metric developers to benefit from each others work. GEMv2 supports 40 documented datasets in 51 languages. Models for all datasets can be evaluated online and our interactive data card creation and rendering tools make it easier to add new datasets to the living benchmark.Peer reviewe

GEMv2 : Multilingual NLG benchmarking in a single line of code

Evaluation in machine learning is usually informed by past choices, for example which datasets or metrics to use. This standardization enables the comparison on equal footing using leaderboards, but the evaluation choices become sub-optimal as better alternatives arise. This problem is especially pertinent in natural language generation which requires ever-improving suites of datasets, metrics, and human evaluation to make definitive claims. To make following best model evaluation practices easier, we introduce GEMv2. The new version of the Generation, Evaluation, and Metrics Benchmark introduces a modular infrastructure for dataset, model, and metric developers to benefit from each others work. GEMv2 supports 40 documented datasets in 51 languages. Models for all datasets can be evaluated online and our interactive data card creation and rendering tools make it easier to add new datasets to the living benchmark.Peer reviewe

Eignung von Messplätzen im Frequenzbereich von 9 kHz bis 30 MHz mit Rahmenantennen

Der Beitrag betrachtet die messtechnische Eignung einer Absorberhalle mit leitender Bodenfläche für die Untersuchung und Messung der normierten Funkfelddämpfung (NSA - Normalized Site Attenuation) im Frequenzbereich von 9 kHz bis 30 MHz mittels Rahmenantennen. Der Versuchsaufbau wird anhand von Abbildungen (perspektivische Anordnung der Messpositionen) beschrieben, folgende Punkte wurden detailliert untersucht: Kopplungseffekte und Resonanzeinflüsse; Einfluss der leitenden Bodenfläche (ground plane); Messung der seitlichen Volumenpunkte; Messung der NSA in Messentfernungen von 3 bis 10 m mit 60-cm- und 30-cm-Rahmenantennen in den Orientierungen Hx, Hy und Hz; Vergleich der aktuellen NSA Messungen mit den Ergebnissen aus 2012 mit 50-cm-Rahmenantennen. Die Messungen werden jeweils beschrieben, die Messergebnisse anhand von Abbildungen und Diagrammen dargestellt und diskutiert

Accuracy Improvement of Ultrasonic Inspection for Civil Structures and Materials

When we want to extend the life of an actual infrastructure and improve its serviceability adjusting the change of environmental situation, we need to evaluate its structural integrity quantitatively by using an appropriate inspection procedure on it. It is, therefore, important for a civil engineer to set up an effective inspection procedure to get the quantitative integrity evaluation of an infrastructure. The procedure of inspection for an infrastructure in Japan is divided into two types, that is, a periodical inspection and occasional (eventwise) inspection just after an earthquake. Inspector is chosen to have his experience career as a civil engineer more than 5 years and inspects infrastructures to classify the integrity level by five ranks on the each part of the structure by using the visual inspection according to the inspection manual tentatively provided by the Public Works Research Institute, Ministry of Construction. In the case if an inspector found any important damage or defect by the visual inspection, the precise inspection will be done by using a nondestructive testing to evaluate the size, shape and location of the damage or defect on the infrastructure. And if we could identify the damage or defect with an accurate information, we can evaluate its remaining life time by means of fracture mechanics and fatigue analysis and decide whether the damage or defect will propagate further or not. Thus we can, eventually, evaluate the structural integrity of the infrastructure by using the analysis of quantification theory [3] to classify the structures into four groups of integrity as A (Keep Watching), B (Need Small Repair), C (Need Large Repair) and D (Need Replace or Reconstruction).</p