Colletotrichum_gloesporioides_combined_matrix

Colletotrichum agg. gloeosporioides - Nexus file, aligned, concatenated datasets:complete ITS, tef-1, and gpd loci

Trichoderma_harzianum_combined_matrix

Trichoderma agg. harzianum - Nexus file, aligned, concatenated datasets: ITS, tef-1, and gpd loci

Pestalotiopsis_microspora_combined_matrix

Pestalotiopsis agg. microspora - Nexus file, aligned, concatenated datasets: ITS, tef-1, and gpd loci

A novel molecular toolkit for rapid detection of the pathogen and primary vector of thousand cankers disease

<div><p>Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) of <i>Juglans</i> and <i>Pterocarya</i> (Juglandaceae) involves a fungal pathogen, <i>Geosmithia morbida</i>, and a primary insect vector, <i>Pityophthorus juglandis</i>. TCD was described originally from dying <i>Juglans nigra</i> trees in the western United States (USA), but it was reported subsequently from the eastern USA and northern Italy. The disease is often difficult to diagnose due to the absence of symptoms or signs on the bark surface of the host. Furthermore, disease symptoms can be confused with those caused by other biotic and abiotic agents. Thus, there is a critical need for a method for rapid detection of the pathogen and vector of TCD. Using species-specific microsatellite DNA markers, we developed a molecular protocol for the detection of <i>G</i>. <i>morbida</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>juglandis</i>. To demonstrate the utility of the method for delineating TCD quarantine zones, we tested whether geographical occurrence of symptoms and signs of TCD was correlated with molecular evidence for the presence of the cryptic TCD organisms. A total of 1600 drill cores were taken from branch sections collected from three regions (<i>n</i> = 40 trees for each location): California-<i>J</i>. <i>hindsii</i> (heavy disease incidence); Tennessee-<i>J</i>. <i>nigra</i> (mild disease incidence); and outside the known TCD zone (Missouri-<i>J</i>. <i>nigra</i>, no record of the disease). California samples had the highest incidence of the TCD organisms (85%, 34/40). Tennessee had intermediate incidence (42.5%, 17/40), whereas neither organism was detected in samples from Missouri. The low cost molecular protocol developed here has a high degree of sensitivity and specificity, and it significantly reduces sample-processing time, making the protocol a powerful tool for rapid detection of TCD.</p></div

Molecular detection of Thousand Cankers Disease

Molecular detection of Thousand Cankers Diseas

Molecular detection of thousand cankers disease (percentage of positive drill samples) from both feature-directed and lesion-directed samples from California, Missouri (control), and Tennessee.

<p>Molecular detection of thousand cankers disease (percentage of positive drill samples) from both feature-directed and lesion-directed samples from California, Missouri (control), and Tennessee.</p

Molecular detection outcomes among 40 samples each from California (<i>Juglans hindsii</i>), Missouri (control, <i>Juglans nigra</i>) and Tennessee (<i>J</i>. <i>nigra</i>) for both drilling methods.

<p>Molecular detection outcomes among 40 samples each from California (<i>Juglans hindsii</i>), Missouri (control, <i>Juglans nigra</i>) and Tennessee (<i>J</i>. <i>nigra</i>) for both drilling methods.</p

Comparisons of molecular detection of <i>Geosmithia morbida</i> (<i>Gm</i>) and <i>Pityophthorus juglandis</i> (<i>Pj</i>) in any of the drilled samples (per tree) confirmed that a sample (tree) is positive for either organism^A.

<p>Comparisons of molecular detection of <i>Geosmithia morbida</i> (<i>Gm</i>) and <i>Pityophthorus juglandis</i> (<i>Pj</i>) in any of the drilled samples (per tree) confirmed that a sample (tree) is positive for either organism<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185087#t002fn002" target="_blank">^A</a>.</p

Molecular detection of thousand cankers disease organisms (<i>Geosmithia morbida</i> and/or <i>Pityophthorus juglandis</i>) among positive trees for all samples and both drilling methods.

<p>Molecular detection of thousand cankers disease organisms (<i>Geosmithia morbida</i> and/or <i>Pityophthorus juglandis</i>) among positive trees for all samples and both drilling methods.</p

Overview of total number of publications surveyed from animal, fungus, seed plant, microbial eukaryote, archaea, and bacteria literature (indicated in red), and the number of those publications that archived their trees and alignments in either Dryad or TreeBASE (indicated in green).

<p>Overview of total number of publications surveyed from animal, fungus, seed plant, microbial eukaryote, archaea, and bacteria literature (indicated in red), and the number of those publications that archived their trees and alignments in either Dryad or TreeBASE (indicated in green).</p