1,082 research outputs found
Neuroimagen y neurobiología de la adicción:un estudio sobre los cambios funcionales cerebrales en personas adictas a las cocaína
Decenes Jornades de Foment de la Investigació de la FCHS (Any 2004-2005)El consumo crónica de cocaína produce una reducción de la dopamina en ciertas áreas cerebrales,
provocando una alteración en este sistema. (Volkow y cols., 1999; Wu y cols., 1997). El objetivo de
este trabajo es estudiar mediante Resonancia Magnética Funcional, los efectos que el consumo crónico
de cocaína provoca sobre el procesamiento emocional. Los participantes (10 pacientes adictos
a la cocaína y 10 personas no adictas) realizaron una tarea de procesamiento emocional en la que
visualizaban fotografías con contenido emocional positivo, negativo y neutro (Adaptación española
del International Affective Pictures System, IAPS, moltó y cols. 2001) como fondo en un tarea de
discriminación de letras. Los resultados muestran una menor activación en el núcleo accumbens, giro
cingulado anterior y cortex orbitofrontal en personas adictas a la cocaína en comparación al grupo
control, ante la visión de imágenes positivas. Mientras que, se observa una menor activación del giro
cingulado anterior en pacientes en comparación a los controles, para la visión de imágenes negativas.
Estos resultados sugieren que la tarea del IAPS es una buena tarea para activar áreas específicas de
recompensa (N.acc y giro orbitofrontal). Y que los pacientes presentan una disfunción en el sistema
de recompensa, lugar donde actúa la cocaína tras su administración, liberando dopamina. Esto podría
tener como consecuencia una menor sensibilidad de estas personas para los reforzadores naturales
Dichroism for orbital angular momentum using parametric amplification
We theoretically analyze parametric amplification as a means to produce dichroism based on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of an incident signal field. The nonlinear interaction is shown to provide differential gain between signal states of differing OAM, the peak gain occurring at half the OAM of the pump field
Self-healing high-dimensional quantum key distribution using hybrid spin-orbit Bessel states
Using spatial modes for quantum key distribution (QKD) has become highly
topical due to their infinite dimensionality, promising high information
capacity per photon. However, spatial distortions reduce the feasible secret
key rates and compromise the security of a quantum channel. In an extreme form
such a distortion might be a physical obstacle, impeding line-of-sight for
free-space channels. Here, by controlling the radial degree of freedom of a
photon's spatial mode, we are able to demonstrate hybrid high-dimensional QKD
through obstacles with self-reconstructing single photons. We construct
high-dimensional mutually unbiased bases using spin-orbit hybrid states that
are radially modulated with a non-diffracting Bessel-Gaussian (BG) profile, and
show secure transmission through partially obstructed quantum links. Using a
prepare-measure protocol we report higher quantum state self-reconstruction and
information retention for the non-diffracting BG modes as compared to
Laguerre-Gaussian modes, obtaining a quantum bit error rate (QBER) that is up
to 3 times lower. This work highlights the importance of controlling the radial
mode of single photons in quantum information processing and communication as
well as the advantages of QKD with hybrid states.Comment: Published version, 15 pages, 6 figures, 2 table
The contrasting activity of iodido versus chlorido ruthenium and osmium arene azo- and imino-pyridine anticancer complexes : control of cell selectivity, cross-resistance, p53 dependence, and apoptosis pathway
Organometallic half-sandwich complexes [M(p-cymene)(azo/imino-pyridine)X]+ where M = RuII or OsII and X ═ Cl or I, exhibit potent antiproliferative activity toward a range of cancer cells. Not only are the iodido complexes more potent than the chlorido analogues, but they are not cross-resistant with the clinical platinum drugs cisplatin and oxaliplatin. They are also more selective for cancer cells versus normal cells (fibroblasts) and show high accumulation in cell membranes. They arrest cell growth in G1 phase in contrast to cisplatin (S phase) with a high incidence of late-stage apoptosis. The iodido complexes retain potency in p53 mutant colon cells. All complexes activate caspase 3. In general, antiproliferative activity is greatly enhanced by low levels of the glutathione synthase inhibitor l-buthionine sulfoxime. The work illustrates how subtle changes to the design of low-spin d6 metal complexes can lead to major changes in cellular metabolism and to potent complexes with novel mechanisms of anticancer activity
CO Oxidation Catalysed by Pd-based Bimetallic Nanoalloys
Density functional theory based global geometry optimization has been used to
demonstrate the crucial influence of the geometry of the catalytic cluster on
the energy barriers for the CO oxidation reaction over Pd-based bimetallic
nanoalloys. We show that dramatic geometry change between the reaction
intermediates can lead to very high energy barriers and thus be prohibitive for
the whole process. This introduces challenges for both the design of new
catalysts, and theoretical methods employed. On the theory side, a careful
choice of geometric configurations of all reaction intermediates is crucial for
an adequate description of a possible reaction path. From the point of view of
the catalyst design, the cluster geometry can be controlled by adjusting the
level of interaction between the cluster and the dopant metal, as well as
between the adsorbate molecules and the catalyst cluster by mixing different
metals in a single nanoalloy particle. We show that substitution of a Pd atom
in the Pd cluster with a single Ag atom to form PdAg leads to
a potential improvement of the catalytic properties of the cluster for the CO
oxidation reaction. On the other hand, a single Au atom does not enhance the
properties of the catalyst, which is attributed to a weaker hybridization
between the cluster's constituent metals and the adsorbate molecules. Such
flexibility of properties of bimetallic nanoalloy clusters illustrates the
possibility of fine-tuning, which might be used for design of novel efficient
catalytic materials.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
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