Issue 16: Irregular Migration to Canada: Addressing Current Policy Responses that Impact Refugee Claimants’ Arrival and Settlement in the Country

The unexpected influx of refugee claimants irregularly crossing the US-Canada border since 2016 has strained Canada’s immigration system. According to the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRB), 47,425 claims were referred to the IRB in 2017, and more than 43,000 were still pending at the end of the year (IRB, 2017). This only increased in the following years; in 2018, 55,388 claims were referred to the IRB and as of June of 2019 more than 74,000 were still pending. Compared to the total claims referred to the IRB in 2016 (23,350) and 2015 (16,592), these numbers represent a significant increase which consequently strains Canadian settlement services (IRB, 2019a). While Canada has a global reputation for humanitarianism and human rights leadership (Atak, et. al 2018), the lack of coordination to effectively manage the increase in inland claims during recent years reflects systemic limitations of the reception and processing of spontaneous and irregular arrivals. This Policy Points discusses Canadian policy changes and responses to refugee claimants and analyzes how these are detrimental for their arrival and settlement in Canada

How Far Will FARA Go? The Foreign Agents Registration Act and the Criminalization of Global Human Rights Advocacy

The Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) was enacted and enforced during World War II to protect the American public from foreign propaganda, especially from the Nazi party. Following the war, FARA was scarcely used for over half a century. But in the past five years, there has been a significant uptick in FARA enforcement, particularly against major political personalities. The revival of FARA has led many legislators and scholars to advocate for expansions of FARA’s scope and enforcement mechanisms in the name of national security. But most have failed to acknowledge the risk and likelihood of politicized enforcement. The United States government is positioned to use FARA to harass organizations critical of the United States—in particular, human rights organizations (HROs) that take politically unpopular positions. The forced association of FARA’s registration requirements could jeopardize HROs’ ability to engage in advocacy by fostering public distrust and social stigma. Accordingly, politicized FARA enforcement against such organizations violates the First Amendment. This Comment advises human rights organizations that have been subject to a politicized FARA enforcement action on how to best attack it and urges Congress to amend FARA to protect these groups and their interests

Issue 16: Irregular Migration to Canada: Addressing Current Policy Responses that Impact Refugee Claimants’ Arrival and Settlement in the Country

The unexpected influx of refugee claimants irregularly crossing the US-Canada border since 2016 has strained Canada’s immigration system. According to the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRB), 47,425 claims were referred to the IRB in 2017, and more than 43,000 were still pending at the end of the year (IRB, 2017). This only increased in the following years; in 2018, 55,388 claims were referred to the IRB and as of June of 2019 more than 74,000 were still pending. Compared to the total claims referred to the IRB in 2016 (23,350) and 2015 (16,592), these numbers represent a significant increase which consequently strains Canadian settlement services (IRB, 2019a). While Canada has a global reputation for humanitarianism and human rights leadership (Atak, et. al 2018), the lack of coordination to effectively manage the increase in inland claims during recent years reflects systemic limitations of the reception and processing of spontaneous and irregular arrivals. This Policy Points discusses Canadian policy changes and responses to refugee claimants and analyzes how these are detrimental for their arrival and settlement in Canada

Examining the effects of a peer-mediated academic intervention on the language and literacy performance on emergent bilingual students

About 5 million Emergent Bilingual (EB) students are enrolled in public elementary and secondary schools across the United States. Spanish-speaking EBs constituted 76 percent of the EB population in the U.S. educational system (Office of English Language Acquisition, 2019). Although not all EBs are at risk for falling behind grade level proficiency in literacy, examination of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reveals that EBs, on average, demonstrate significantly lower levels of literacy proficiency than their non-EB peers in Grades 4 and 8 (McFarland et al., 2018). Schools support the literacy development of Spanishspeaking EBs through multitiered systems of support (MTSS), which encourages early identification and intervention for those students needing support. A fundamental aspect of MTSS is Tier 1, which consists of high-quality core instruction and universal screening of all children in general education classrooms. Despite the school policies and practices to close or reduce the academic opportunity gap for EBs by implementing MTSS, it has not fulfilled its promise for Spanish-speaking EBs. One aspect is that few programs do not address EB's home language as well as English language development and provide culturally and linguistically responsive instruction. This dissertation aims to examine the effects of an abbreviated peer- mediated academic intervention on literacy and language performance among 64 Spanish-Speaking EB students in a rural school district and to further examine the extent to which home language exposure affects literacy outcomes. A randomized cluster design was used to examine the effects of an abbreviated peer-mediated literacy intervention. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to examine the effect of home language exposure on literacy measures. Results indicated the treatment condition outperformed students in the control condition in Spanish oral reading fluency, bilingual receptive vocabulary, and English reading comprehension measures. Home language exposure did not affect literacy measures. This study addresses an important gap in the literature on providing abbreviated peer-mediated academic interventions for emergent bilingual students.Includes bibliographical references

Proving Continuity of Coinductive Global Bisimulation Distances: A Never Ending Story

We have developed a notion of global bisimulation distance between processes which goes somehow beyond the notions of bisimulation distance already existing in the literature, mainly based on bisimulation games. Our proposal is based on the cost of transformations: how much we need to modify one of the compared processes to obtain the other. Our original definition only covered finite processes, but a coinductive approach allows us to extend it to cover infinite but finitary trees. After having shown many interesting properties of our distance, it was our intention to prove continuity with respect to projections, but unfortunately the issue remains open. Nonetheless, we have obtained several partial results that are presented in this paper.Comment: In Proceedings PROLE 2015, arXiv:1512.0617

Movement´s detection of the view to generate orders [Deteccion de movimientos de la vista para generar ordenes]

 This research article is based on the use of computational vision as a tool to detect orders generated from movements of sight, for this we must also discriminate when an order is made and when not, where processing is also used Digital images In a regular feature computer, the scheme created to generate visual orders in the Python 3.8.1 language will be implemented in software, taking as a test object the 100 orders generated with the view and taking this data for the respective tests. The generation of visual orders has been successfully achieved. The test carried out resulted in the sensitivity of 0.96, specificity of 0.98, positive likelihood of 48 and negative likelihood of 0.04. Take into account that the test of 100 attempts divided into 10 attempts by each person (5 left and 5 right) was performed

Technology transfer literature review

This paper presents a review of the literature on technology transfer, aiming to identify and to characterize the subject approaches. As for methodology, such a review is integrative nature and literature, thematic, historical and analytical. The searched contents are presented according to a taxonomic structure identified in the literature, which was adapted based on reviewed studies. We conclude that in the literature there is a convergence in the structure of the concepts of technology and technology transfer, whose evolution over time did not generate changes. It appears that there are no studies observed a consolidation of features promoting the effectiveness of technology transfer, or of obstacles to overcome in this process. Papers analyzed do not include all the other components of the process identified in this review, such as actors, strategy and projects for access to technology, which are addressed in scattered and piecemeal fashion. In the study, we could observe that different types of knowledge transfer presented in the literature are related to the actors that promote the transfer, like the receiver, the transmitter and facilitators, and their correlations highlighted here. As part of the analyzed studies, this review aims to highlight those gaps in the literature, directing future research on the topic.Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre transferência de tecnologia, com o objetivo de identificar e caracterizar abordagens sobre o tema. Quanto à metodologia adotada, tal revisão é de natureza integrativa e de cunho bibliográfico, temático, histórico e analítico. Os conteúdos pesquisados estão apresentados conforme uma estrutura taxonômica identificada na literatura, a qual foi adaptada, com base nos estudos consultados. Conclui-se que há na literatura uma convergência na estrutura dos conceitos de tecnologia e transferência de tecnologia, cuja evolução no tempo não gerou alterações. Verifica-se que não existem nos estudos observados uma consolidação das características promotoras da efetividade da transferência de tecnologia, ou dos obstáculos a transpor neste processo. É observado que os trabalhos analisados não incluem a totalidade dos demais componentes do processo identificados nesta revisão, tais como atores, estratégia e projetos para acesso à tecnologia, os quais são abordados de modo disperso e pontual. No estudo observa-se ainda que as diferentes tipologias de transferência de conhecimento apresentadas na literatura estão relacionadas aos atores que promovem a transferência, ou seja, o receptor, o emissor e os facilitadores, sendo aqui destacadas as suas correlações. No âmbito dos estudos analisados, esta revisão se propõe a indicar as referidas lacunas literárias, direcionando futuras pesquisas sobre o tema.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The politics of the visible/invisible border: Canada\u27s responses and (in)actions towards refugee claimants\u27 protection

This thesis explores Canadian responses towards unexpected arrivals of asylum seekers at their borders. Grounded in critical and feminist geopolitics, it aims to unveil hidden and concealed policies that are implemented behind a narrative of humanitarianism. In particular, it takes the land border crossings from the US to Canada that occurred after the implementation of restrictive asylum policies in the US in 2017 and following years. Although migratory movements can be attributed to several factors, this displacement was triggered by Trump’s anti-immigrant narratives and policies aimed to decrease refugee and immigrant arrivals to their territory. The dissertation’s central argument is that Canada’s bordering practices rely on an invisible/visible dichotomy to restrict asylum seekers arrivals at territorial limits. This thesis explores how Canada’s border restrictions and policy often act through means that invisibilize the border, through tactics of (un)provision, neglect, and selectivity. I argue that these factors restrict in important ways refugee claimants’ experiences and identities, and human mobility in general. I also explore how these dynamics temporarily shift in times of crisis when the Canadian government visibilizes the border as a way to maintain the state narrative of protecting its integrity. I argue that these particular responses are directed to a specific audience: the electorate and the Parliament. Throughout this project, I jump scales to demonstrate how the invisible border is particularly found in localized spaces, like refugee centers. In particular, I offer insights into how local organizations adapted the ways in which they offered services to refugee claimants, after Canada’s government provided an insufficient response towards refugee protection and settlement needs. I also explore how invisible Canadian bordering practices play out in more personal and intimate spaces: refugee claimants’ identities. I discuss this by analyzing Canadian categorization practices based on colonial perceptions of refugees. This research produced empirical and comprehensive examination on how different scales intertwine in asylum policy

Technology transfer literature review

This paper presents a review of the literature on technology transfer, aiming to identify and to characterize the subject approaches. As for methodology, such a review is integrative nature and literature, thematic, historical and analytical. The searched contents are presented according to a taxonomic structure identified in the literature, which was adapted based on reviewed studies. We conclude that in the literature there is a convergence in the structure of the concepts of technology and technology transfer, whose evolution over time did not generate changes. It appears that there are no studies observed a consolidation of features promoting the effectiveness of technology transfer, or of obstacles to overcome in this process. Papers analyzed do not include all the other components of the process identified in this review, such as actors, strategy and projects for access to technology, which are addressed in scattered and piecemeal fashion. In the study, we could observe that different types of knowledge transfer presented in the literature are related to the actors that promote the transfer, like the receiver, the transmitter and facilitators, and their correlations highlighted here. As part of the analyzed studies, this review aims to highlight those gaps in the literature, directing future research on the topic.Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre transferência de tecnologia, com o objetivo de identificar e caracterizar abordagens sobre o tema. Quanto à metodologia adotada, tal revisão é de natureza integrativa e de cunho bibliográfico, temático, histórico e analítico. Os conteúdos pesquisados estão apresentados conforme uma estrutura taxonômica identificada na literatura, a qual foi adaptada, com base nos estudos consultados. Conclui-se que há na literatura uma convergência na estrutura dos conceitos de tecnologia e transferência de tecnologia, cuja evolução no tempo não gerou alterações. Verifica-se que não existem nos estudos observados uma consolidação das características promotoras da efetividade da transferência de tecnologia, ou dos obstáculos a transpor neste processo. É observado que os trabalhos analisados não incluem a totalidade dos demais componentes do processo identificados nesta revisão, tais como atores, estratégia e projetos para acesso à tecnologia, os quais são abordados de modo disperso e pontual. No estudo observa-se ainda que as diferentes tipologias de transferência de conhecimento apresentadas na literatura estão relacionadas aos atores que promovem a transferência, ou seja, o receptor, o emissor e os facilitadores, sendo aqui destacadas as suas correlações. No âmbito dos estudos analisados, esta revisão se propõe a indicar as referidas lacunas literárias, direcionando futuras pesquisas sobre o tema.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

“Catálogo de la serie: Diversiones públicas del archivo histórico municipal de Toluca” (1824-1868)

La presente investigación es un catálogo, basado en la norma internacional ISAD (G), relativos a la Serie de Diversiones Públicas, documentos generados por el Ayuntamiento de Toluca, durante el desarrollo de sus actividades, tales como actas, resoluciones, acuerdos, expedientes, pagos, solicitudes, licencias, recibos, carteles, avisos, minutas, portadas, etc. de un periodo del 1824 a 1868. Con el propósito de que las personas interesadas en la descripción archivista, sean estudiantes, profesores, investigadores, usuarios de archivos, etc., adquieran un nuevo conocimiento o lo amplíen un poco más acerca de lo que trata este tema, además para que su búsqueda en el Archivo Histórico Municipal de Toluca sea más eficaz y rápida