8 research outputs found

    Trouble du déficit de l'attention avec ou sans hyperactivité et tabagisme en milieu carcéral

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    International audienceIntroduction :Les personnes souffrant de Trouble du DĂ©ficit de l’Attention avec ou sans HyperactivitĂ© (TDAH) prĂ©sentent un risque accru de consommer du tabac (Lee et al., 2011) et ont gĂ©nĂ©ralement un profil tabagique plus sĂ©vĂšre qu'en population gĂ©nĂ©rale (VanAmsterdam et al., 2018). En population incarcĂ©rĂ©e, on observe une prĂ©valence du TDAH et du tabagisme plus Ă©levĂ©e qu’en population gĂ©nĂ©rale(Jacomet et al., 2016 ; Young & Cocallis, 2019). Notre objectif est de vĂ©rifier si la consommation de tabac est plus sĂ©vĂšre chez les dĂ©tenus prĂ©sentant une symptomatologie du TDAH.MĂ©thode :Nous avons Ă©valuĂ© les variables suivantes :Consommation de tabac (auto-rapportĂ©e), dĂ©pendance Ă  la nicotine (FTND), intensitĂ© du craving (FTCQ), motivation Ă  l'arrĂȘt du tabac (Q-MAT), symptomatologie actuelle du TDAH (ASRS) et dans l’enfance (WURS).Nous avons effectuĂ© des comparaisons statistiques entre les individus probablement atteints d'un TDAH et ceux ne prĂ©sentant probablement pas de TDAH. Pour cela, les participants ont Ă©tĂ© classĂ©s dans le groupe "TDAH" seulement s'ils ont obtenu un score supĂ©rieur aux scores seuils dĂ©finis pour l'ASRS et la WURS.RĂ©sultats :Le groupe TDAH a prĂ©sentĂ© un Ăąge de dĂ©but de consommation rĂ©guliĂšre de tabac significativement plus faible que le groupe sans TDAH (U=275 ; p=0.019). De plus, les individus dĂ©pistĂ©s avec un TDAH ont affichĂ© un score total moyen significativement plus Ă©levĂ© Ă  la FTND que le groupe sans TDAH (U=262 ; p=0.012). Cette tendance s'est Ă©galement observĂ©e pour le score total moyen obtenu Ă  la FTCQ-12 (U=288 ; p=0.029). Cependant, aucune diffĂ©rence significative n'a Ă©tĂ© constatĂ©e au niveau du score total obtenu Ă  la Q-MAT (U=402 ; p=0.400)et au nombre moyen de cigarettes fumĂ©es par jour (U=247 ;p=0.076).RĂ©sultats :Nos rĂ©sultats indiquent une plus grande sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© de la consommation de tabac chez les dĂ©tenus prĂ©sentant des symptĂŽmes du TDAH. Ces observations soulignent l'importance du dĂ©pistage du TDAH et de l'adaptation des interventions pour la consommation de tabac en milieu carcĂ©ral lorsque des symptĂŽmes du TDAH sont prĂ©sents

    Sévérité de la consommation de tabac et symptÎmes anxieux et dépressifs en milieu carcéral

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    International audienceIntroduction : Les troubles anxieux et dĂ©pressifs sont des comorbiditĂ©s frĂ©quentes du trouble de l’usage du tabac (Himle, Thyer &Fischer, 1988 ; Breslau et al., 1911). Ces troubles impactent l’initiation, le maintien et l’arrĂȘt du tabagisme. De plus, leur sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© est positivement corrĂ©lĂ©e avec le niveau de dĂ©pendance (Morrell & Cohen, 2006).En milieu carcĂ©ral, la prĂ©valence du tabagisme et des troubles anxieux et dĂ©pressifs est beaucoup plus Ă©levĂ©e qu’en population gĂ©nĂ©rale (Fovet et al., 2020 ; Jacomet el al., 2016). L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est de vĂ©rifier si la sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© des symptĂŽmes anxieux et dĂ©pressifs est associĂ©e Ă  l’intensitĂ© de la consommation de tabac chez une population incarcĂ©rĂ©e.MĂ©thode : 91 hommes consommateurs de tabac ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s Ă  leur arrivĂ©e Ă  la maison d’arrĂȘt Paris-La SantĂ©. Nombre de cigarettes consommĂ©es par jour (auto-rapportĂ©es). Nous avons Ă©valuĂ© les variables suivantes : - DĂ©pendance Ă  la nicotine : Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND),- IntensitĂ© du craving : French Tobacco Craving Questionnaire(FTCQ-12),- Motivation Ă  l'arrĂȘt du tabac : Questionnaire de Motivation Ă  l'ArrĂȘt du Tabac (Q-MAT),- Symptomatologie anxieuse et dĂ©pressive actuelle : Hospital and Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS).RĂ©sultats : Les participants ont obtenu un score moyen Ă  l’HAD-anxiĂ©tĂ© de 7,75 (σ =5,01) et Ă  l’HAD-dĂ©pression de 4,67 (σ = 3,89). 28 individus ont dĂ©passĂ© le score seuil de l’HAD (score ≄ 11 : symptomatologie certaine) pour la dimension anxiĂ©tĂ© (30,77%), et 6 l’ont Ă©galement dĂ©passĂ© pour la dimension dĂ©pression (6,59%). Nous avons observĂ© une corrĂ©lation positive significative entre le score total obtenu Ă  l’HAD-anxiĂ©tĂ© et le score total obtenu Ă  la FTND (r = 0,29 ; p < 0,001) ainsi qu’avec le score total Ă  la FTCQ (r = 0,35 ; p < 0,001). Nous avons Ă©galement constatĂ© une corrĂ©lation positive significative entre le score total obtenu Ă  l’HAD-dĂ©pression et le score total obtenu Ă  la FTCQ (r = 0,30 ; p = 0,004). Cependant, aucune corrĂ©lation significative n’a Ă©tĂ© trouvĂ©e entre l’HAD-dĂ©pression et le score obtenu Ă  la FTND (r = 0,06 ; p = 0,61). Concernant le nombre de cigarette consommĂ©es par jour, aucune corrĂ©lation n’a Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©e avec le score obtenu Ă  la dimension dĂ©pression (r = 0,12 ; p = 0,33) et Ă  la dimension anxiĂ©tĂ© (r = 0,20 ; p = 0.94).Discussion : Les rĂ©sultats ont permis de mettre en Ă©vidence l’intensitĂ© Ă©levĂ©e dessymptĂŽmes anxieux et dĂ©pressifs Ă  l’arrivĂ©e en incarcĂ©ration. Comme nous l’attendions, des corrĂ©lations ont Ă©tĂ© constatĂ©es entre l’intensitĂ© des symptĂŽmes anxieux et la sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© de la dĂ©pendance au tabac ainsi qu’entre l’intensitĂ© des symptĂŽmes anxieux et dĂ©pressifs et l’intensitĂ© du craving. L'importance de dĂ©velopper et d'Ă©valuer des interventions spĂ©cifiquement adaptĂ©es Ă  la population incarcĂ©rĂ©e pour favoriser le sevrage tabagique apparait donc comme un enjeu important. Cette nĂ©cessitĂ© est d’autant plus urgente en raison de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© particuliĂšre de cette population face aux problĂ©matiques psychiatriques et addictologiques

    Synchrotron X-Ray Boost Delivered by Microbeam Radiation Therapy After Conventional X-Ray Therapy Fractionated in Time Improves F98 Glioma Control

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    International audiencePurpose: Synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is based on the spatial fractionation of the incident, highly collimated synchrotron beam into arrays of parallel microbeams depositing several hundred grays. It appears relevant to combine MRT with a conventional treatment course, preparing a treatment scheme for future patients in clinical trials. The efficiency of MRT delivered after several broad-beam (BB) fractions to palliate F98 brain tumors in rats in comparison with BB fractions alone was evaluated in this study.Methods and materials: Rats bearing 106 F98 cells implanted in the caudate nucleus were irradiated by 5 fractions in BB mode (3 × 6 Gy + 2 × 8 Gy BB) or by 2 boost fractions in MRT mode to a total of 5 fractions (3 × 6 Gy BB + MRT 2 × 8 Gy valley dose; peak dose 181 Gy [50/200 ÎŒm]). Tumor growth was evaluated in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging follow-up at T-1, T7, T12, T15, T20, and T25 days after radiation therapy and by histology and flow cytometry.Results: MRT-boosted tumors displayed lower cell density and cell proliferation compared with BB-irradiated tumors. The MRT boost completely stopped tumor growth during ∌4 weeks and led to a significant increase in median survival time, whereas tumors treated with BB alone recurred within a few days after the last radiation fraction.Conclusions: The first evidence is presented that MRT, delivered as a boost of conventionally fractionated irradiation by orthovoltage broad x-ray beams, is feasible and more efficient than conventional radiation therapy alone

    Synchrotron X-ray boost delivered by Microbeam Radiation Therapy improves glioma control after conventional fractionated X-ray therapy

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    International audienceSynchrotron microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is an alternative treatment modality for brain tumors which uses synchrotron light. MRT relies on the spatial fractionation of the incident X-rays which allows high dose delivery to tumors (hundreds of Gy in the microbeam paths) without severely damaging normal tissues. Because temporal fractionation is the standard clinical radiotherapy protocol for brain tumors, the aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of MRT delivered as a boost after a temporally fractionated broad beam (BB) irradiation sequence to palliate F98 intracerebral glioma bearing rats. Rats were treated by 3 temporally fractionated BB irradiations at 6 Gy, then by 2 temporally fractionated synchrotron irradiations in the BB or in the MRT mode at 8 Gy. In vivo tumor follow up was performed by MRI. Ex vivo cell cycle analysis was made by FACS; tissue responses were characterized histopathologically.MRT induced a significant and prolonged tumor cell cycle arrest compared with BB exposures. MRT stopped the tumor growth during 4 weeks and significantly increased the median survival time compared with the BB group. These results show for the first time the relevance of MRT as a radiation boost delivered after BB irradiation, suggesting that MRT is a realistic and more efficient alternative for brain tumor treatment in rats when applied in a hypo-fractionated schedule

    Women’s dissatisfaction with inappropriate behavior by health care workers during childbirth care in France: A survey study

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    Background As part of a decades-long process of restructuring primary care, independent (also known as community) healthcare workers are being encouraged to work in groups to facilitate their coordination and continuity of care in France. French independent midwives perform about half of the early prenatal interviews that identify mothers' needs during pregnancy and then refer them to the appropriate resources. The French government, however, structured the COVID-19 pandemic response around public health institutions and did not directly mobilise these community healthcare workers during the lockdown phase. These responses have raised questions about their role within the healthcare system in crises. This survey’s main objectives were to estimate the proportion of independent midwives who experienced new difficulties in referring women to healthcare facilities or other caregivers and in collaborating with hospitals during the first stage of this pandemic. The secondary objective was to estimate the proportion, according to their mode of practice, of independent midwives who considered that all the women under their care had risked harm due to failed or delayed referral to care. Methods We conducted an online national survey addressed to independent midwives in France from 29 April to 15 May 2020, around the end of the first lockdown (17 March–11 May, 2020). Results Of the 5264 registered independent midwives in France, 1491 (28.3%) responded; 64.7% reported new or greater problems during the pandemic in referring women to health facilities or care-providers, social workers in particular, and 71.0% reported new difficulties collaborating with hospitals. Nearly half (46.2%) the respondents considered that all the women in their care had experienced, to varying degrees, a lack of or delay in care that could have affected their health. This proportion did not differ according to the midwives’ form of practice: solo practice, group practice with other midwives only, or group practice with at least two types of healthcare professionals. Conclusions The pandemic has degraded the quality of pregnant women’s care in France and challenged the French model of care, which is highly compartmentalised between an almost exclusively independent primary care (community) sector and a predominantly salaried secondary care (hospital) sector
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