Recombinant pediocin in Lactococcus lactis:increased production by propeptide fusion and improved potency by co-production with PedC

We describe the impact of two propeptides and PedC on the production yield and the potency of recombinant pediocins produced in Lactococcus lactis. On the one hand, the sequences encoding the propeptides SD or LEISSTCDA were inserted between the sequence encoding the signal peptide of Usp45 and the structural gene of the mature pediocin PA-1. On the other hand, the putative thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase PedC was coexpressed with pediocin. The concentration of recombinant pediocins produced in supernatants was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The potency of recombinant pediocins was investigated by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration by agar well diffusion assay. The results show that propeptides SD or LEISSTCDA lead to an improved secretion of recombinant pediocins with apparently no effect on the antibacterial potency and that PedC increases the potency of recombinant pediocin. To our knowledge, this study reveals for the first time that pediocin tolerates fusions at the N-terminal end. Furthermore, it reveals that only expressing the pediocin structural gene in a heterologous host is not sufficient to get an optimal potency and requires the accessory protein PedC. In addition, it can be speculated that PedC catalyses the correct formation of disulfide bonds in pediocin.</p

Echinococcus multilocularis Detection in Live Eurasian Beavers (Castor fiber) Using a Combination of Laparoscopy and Abdominal Ultrasound under Field Conditions

Echinococcus multilocularis is an important pathogenic zoonotic parasite of health concern, though absent in the United Kingdom. Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) may act as a rare intermediate host, and so unscreened wild caught individuals may pose a potential risk of introducing this parasite to disease-free countries through translocation programs. There is currently no single definitive ante-mortem diagnostic test in intermediate hosts. An effective non-lethal diagnostic, feasible under field condition would be helpful to minimise parasite establishment risk, where indiscriminate culling is to be avoided. This study screened live beavers (captive, n = 18 or wild-trapped in Scotland, n = 12) and beaver cadavers (wild Scotland, n = 4 or Bavaria, n = 11), for the presence of E. multilocularis. Ultrasonography in combination with minimally invasive surgical examination of the abdomen by laparoscopy was viable under field conditions for real-time evaluation in beavers. Laparoscopy alone does not allow the operator to visualize the parenchyma of organs such as the liver, or inside the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract, hence the advantage of its combination with abdominal ultrasonography. All live beavers and Scottish cadavers were largely unremarkable in their haematology and serum biochemistry with no values suspicious for liver pathology or potentially indicative of E. multilocularis infection. This correlated well with ultrasound, laparoscopy, and immunoblotting, which were unremarkable in these individuals. Two wild Bavarian individuals were suspected E. multilocularis positive at post-mortem, through the presence of hepatic cysts. Sensitivity and specificity of a combination of laparoscopy and abdominal ultrasonography in the detection of parasitic liver cyst lesions was 100% in the subset of cadavers (95%Confidence Intervals 34.24-100%, and 86.7-100% respectively). For abdominal ultrasonography alone sensitivity was only 50% (95%CI 9.5-90.6%), with specificity being 100% (95%CI 79.2-100%). For laparoscopy alone sensitivity was 100% (95% CI 34.2-100%), with specificity also being 100% (95% CI 77.2-100%). Further immunoblotting, PCR and histopathological examination revealed one individual positive for E. multilocularis, whilst the other individual was positive for Taenia martis

Amélioration d'un procédé de production d'un concentré de protéines blanches de luzerne semi-industriel et valorisation du concentré protéique dans le domaine des adhésifs et des nutraceutiques

La société VIRIDIS développe un procédé industriel d'extraction de protéines blanches de luzerne. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient l'amélioration du rendement d'extraction en protéine du procédé, l'augmentation de la solubilité du concentré protéique et sa valorisation dans le domaine des adhésifs et des nutraceutiques. L'étude de l'effet du traitement thermique sur les prote ines blanches a permis d'améliorer le rendement d'extraction en protéines de façon satisfaisante. En revanche, l'amélioration de la solubilité du CPBL s'est révélée inapplicable industriellement Une formulation à base d'hydrolysat pepsique de CPBL et d'urée présente une force d'adhésion équivalente à un adhésif protéique du commerce. Enfin, un hydrolysat de CPBL obtenu en REM présente une activité antihypertensive in vivo. Cette activité biologique peut être due à la présence du peptide inhibiteur de l'ECA, VW, ou à la présence de peptides à activité opioïdes, mis en évidences dans l'hydrolysat.LILLE1-BU (590092102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Extraction et protéolyse de napines de tourteau de colza (influence de l'état structural de la protéine sur la cinétique de protéolyse, la composition et les fonctionnalités des hydrolysats)

Ce travail se propose d'étudier le procédé de protéolyse enzymatique contrôlé par l'état structural initial du substrat en vue d'évaluer son influence sur la cinétique de protéolyse, ainsi que sur les propriétés physico-chimiques et les bioactivités associées des peptides libérés. Pour l'étude, nous avons utilisé un substrat modèle, une protéine connue pour ses propriétés antimicrobiennes, les napines. Cette catégorie de protéines est issue d'un co-produit de l'industrie oléifère faiblement valorisé : le tourteau de colza. Tout d'abord, un procédé d'extraction sélectif et de purification de napines a été mis en oeuvre et optimisé à l'aide d'un plan d'expériences multicritère approprié. Le procédé d'extraction et de purification, réalisé initialement à l'échelle du laboratoire, a pu être extrapolé à plus grande échelle, en respectant une démarche d'éco-conception pour produire des napines en quantité suffisante pour la suite de l'étude. Ce travail a montré que les conditions opératoires du procédé retenu n'endommagent pas les structures secondaire et tertiaire de la protéine. Des activités antimicrobiennes des napines ainsi produites ont été validées sur différents micro-organismes pathogènes (Bacillus coagulans et Fusarium langsethiae). Dans un second temps, une étude concernant l'influence des paramètres pouvant avoir une action sur la structure de la protéine, a été réalisée. L'objectif a été de voir s'il était possible de placer la protéine dans des conditions de pH et de température permettant une déstructuration évolutive, en fonction du temps, et d'observer un éventuel impact sur la cinétique de la protéolyse des napines extraites et sur la nature des peptides libérés. Les résultats ont montré que pour un couple de pH/T donné, la durée d'incubation devient un facteur clé pour la dénaturation de napines. Ce dernier influence significativement la cinétique de la protéolyse, le mécanisme d'action de la protéase et, par conséquent, la composition des mélanges libérés. Par la suite, l'influence des hydrolysats sur la croissance de cellules animales productrices d'anticorps, cultivées en milieu sans sérum, et leurs capacités moussantes et émulsifiantes, ont été évaluées. Les résultats ont montré une influence majeure de l'état structural initial du substrat (via le degré d'hydrolyse atteignable pour chacune des conditions étudiées) sur les dites propriétés. Au final, ces études ont mis en avant non seulement le potentiel d'une valorisation accrue des napines de tourteau de colza mais aussi, et surtout, un paramètre déterminant sur le contrôle du procédé de protéolyse enzymatique pour la production dirigée de peptidesThis work aims to study the process of enzymatic proteolysis "controlled" by the initial structural state of the substrate in order to assess its influence on the proteolysis kinetics as well as the physico-chemical properties and associated bioactivity of released peptides. For this study, rapeseed meal napins, known for its antimicrobial activity were used as a substrate. First, a selective extraction and purification process of napines were optimized by an appropriate experimental design. The extraction and purification process initially made at laboratory scale was easily scaled-up. We showed that the operating conditions of these processes would not damage the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein. Moreover, we confirmed an antimicrobial activity of the obtained napins on various microorganisms (Bacillus coagulans and Fusarium langsethiae). In a second step, the study on the influence of the parameters can have an effect on the structure of the protein was performed. The objectives were to see if it was possible to place the protein under conditions of pH and temperature for a progressive breakdown in function of time, and observe any impact on the kinetics of the proteolysis of napines extracted and the nature of the released peptides. The results showed that for a couple of pH / T given the "incubation duration" becomes a key factor for the denaturation of napines. This significantly influences the kinetics of proteolysis, the mechanism of action of the protease, and therefore, the composition of mixtures released. Subsequently, the influence of hydrolysates on the growth of antibody-producing animal cells grown in serum-free medium, and foaming and emulsifying capacity, were evaluated. The initial results showed a major influence of the structural state of the substrate (via the degree of hydrolysis achievable for each of the conditions studied) on such properties. Ultimately, these studies have highlighted not only the potential for increased value of napines rapeseed meal but also, and especially, a key parameter "to control" the process of enzymatic proteolysis for production directed peptidesMETZ-SCD (574632105) / SudocNANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocNANCY2-Bibliotheque electronique (543959901) / SudocNANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Production and antioxidant capacity of bioactive peptides from plant biomass to counteract lipid oxidation

Preventing lipid oxidation, especially with the polyunsaturated fat-based products, is a major concern in sectors as agri-food and cosmetic. Even though the efficiency of synthetic antioxidants has been recognized, both consumers and manufacturers are looking for more innovative, healthy and quality products while rejecting synthetic additives due to their concern about safety, along with their environmental impact issues. In this context, plant biomass, which have shown to be rich in compounds, have raised interest for the isolation of novel naturally occurring antioxidants. Among their myriad of molecules, bioactive peptides, which are biologically active sequence of amino acid residues of proteins, seem to be of a great interest. Therefore, the number of identified amino acids sequences of bioactive peptides from plant biomass with potential antioxidant action is progressively increasing. Thus, this review provides a description of 129 works that have been made to produce bioactive peptides (hydrolysate, fraction and/or isolate peptide) from 55 plant biomass, along with the procedure to examine their antioxidant capacity (until 2019 included). The protein name, the process, and the method to concentrate or isolate antioxidant bioactive peptides, along with their identification and/or specificity were described. Considering the complex, dynamic and multifactorial physico-chemical mechanisms of the lipid oxidation, an appropriate in-vitro methodology should be better performed to efficiently probe the antioxidant potential of bioactive peptides. Therefore, the results were discussed, and perspective for antioxidant applications of bioactive peptides from plant biomass was argued

Selective extraction, structural characterisation and antifungal activity assessment of napins from an industrial rapeseed meal

International audienc

15N and ²H Intrinsic Labeling Demonstrate That Real Digestibility in Rats of Proteins and Amino Acids from Sunflower Protein Isolate Is Almost as High as That of Goat Whey

International audienceIn the context of developing plant protein sources for humans, sunflower is a good candidate in its form as an oilseed coproduct.We aimed to compare the real digestibility in rats of a sunflower isolate to that of goat whey protein. We also studied the efficiency of 15N and 2H intrinsic labeling in this assessment.Sunflower seeds and goat milk were labeled with 15N and 2H. Male Wistar rats (10 wk old) were fed a meal containing 12% of either sunflower isolate (n = 8) or whey (n = 8). Six hours after meal ingestion, protein and amino acid digestibility were assessed by measuring nitrogen, hydrogen, and amino acids in the digesta, as well as isotope enrichments in the bulk and individual amino acids. The differences between groups and isotopes were respectively tested with an unpaired and a paired t test.Protein isolate purity was 87% for whey and 94% for sunflower. 2H and 15N enrichments were, respectively, 0.12 atom % (AP) and 1.06 AP in sunflower isolate and 0.18 AP and 0.95 AP in whey. Fecal 15N protein digestibility was 97.2 ± 0.2% for whey and 95.1 ± 0.5% for sunflower isolate. The use of 2H resulted in a lower digestibility estimate than 15N for whey (96.9 ± 0.2%, P 1.0 for whey and 0.84 for sunflower (lysine).The protein and amino acid digestibility of sunflower isolate was high but its DIAAS reflected a moderate lysine imbalance. Despite slight differences with 15N, deuterium produced comparable results, making it suitable for in vivo digestion studies

Size-exclusion HPLC as a sensitive and calibrationless method for complex peptide mixtures quantification

International audienc

Prediction of ultrafiltration performances for bioactive peptide enrichment in hydrolysates

International audienceProtein hydrolysates often contain bioactive peptides with a broad range of properties, such as antimicrobial, antihypertensive or opioid activities. Hydrolysates are therefore of great interest for the formulation of nutraceutics or food safety products. However, bioactive peptides are present in low concentration amongst many other peptides. Therefore, fractionation processes are required to enrich initial mixtures in targeted peptides. For this purpose, ultrafiltration (UF) is most often carried out but in an empirical way.In this work, an original methodology aimed at predicting UF performances in terms of extraction yield and enrichment of targeted peptides of known molar weight is described. The methodology is simply based on classical mass balance equations, a size exclusion analysis and the aminogram of the starting hydrolysate and a UF membrane calibration. The methodology was validated experimentally with an industrial bioactive hydrolysate of caseins (Lactium®), in batch concentration and continuous diafiltration mode with a 3 kDa membrane at different operating conditions (pH, transmembrane pressure, initial concentration, recirculating flow rate). The results show that the methodology enables to predict the yield and the enrichment in 7 different peptides during ultrafiltration with relative errors ranging from 2 % to 30 %. Moreover, results demonstrate that a unique calibration of the membrane can be used in the range of operating conditions studied. Eventually, the methodology was applied to calculate the optimal conditions for enriching peptide of interest from several hydrolysates (alfalfa white proteins, bovine hemoglobin…). For example, the best extraction yield (95%) and enrichment (120 %) of an antioxidant peptide from bovine hemoglobin hydrolysate could be obtained in permeate after 7 volumes of continuous diafiltration with the 3 kDa membrane