Abundance, Harmfulness, and Control of Pea Leaf Weevil in Broad Beans (Vicia faba Linn.)

A field experiment was carried out on broad beans (Vicia faba L.) to investigate the abundance of the pea leaf weevil (Sitona lineatus L.), as influenced by the timing of pest control, using insecticides. The study was conducted in broad bean var. ‘Vertigo’, during the period 2019–2020. The study included six spray regimes, as well as an untreated control. Yellow water traps were used to monitor the occurrence of the pea leaf weevil from the start of germination until harvest. Pea leaf weevil abundance was observed over the growing season. The adult density showed two peaks at two plant phenology stages, at flowering and before harvest (BBCH 89). The amount of damaged root nodules by this pest ranged from 41 to 59%. Data from two years of study suggest that S. lineatus infestation does not result in a seed yield reduction. Spray regimes did not impact larval density. Applying foliar insecticides at the local threshold can be recommended as an effective method to protect broad beans from feeding by pea leaf weevils

Abundance, Harmfulness, and Control of Pea Leaf Weevil in Broad Beans (<i>Vicia faba</i> Linn.)

A field experiment was carried out on broad beans (Vicia faba L.) to investigate the abundance of the pea leaf weevil (Sitona lineatus L.), as influenced by the timing of pest control, using insecticides. The study was conducted in broad bean var. ‘Vertigo’, during the period 2019–2020. The study included six spray regimes, as well as an untreated control. Yellow water traps were used to monitor the occurrence of the pea leaf weevil from the start of germination until harvest. Pea leaf weevil abundance was observed over the growing season. The adult density showed two peaks at two plant phenology stages, at flowering and before harvest (BBCH 89). The amount of damaged root nodules by this pest ranged from 41 to 59%. Data from two years of study suggest that S. lineatus infestation does not result in a seed yield reduction. Spray regimes did not impact larval density. Applying foliar insecticides at the local threshold can be recommended as an effective method to protect broad beans from feeding by pea leaf weevils

Relationship of AUDPC values of tan spot and Stagonospora glume blotch with grain infection in winter and spring wheat

Abstract Field and laboratory experiments were performed at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture over the period [2003][2004][2005][2006]. The tests involved three winter wheat cultivars (&apos;Aron&apos;, &apos;Hereward&apos; and &apos;Tauras&apos;) and three spring wheat cultivars (&apos;Hena&apos;, &apos;Munk&apos; and &apos;Nandu&apos;). Different disease levels (untreated control, leaf spot disease severity 0-1.0%, 1.1-5.0%, 5.1-10.0% and 10.1-25.0%) were initiated by using leaf spot disease -infested wheat straw and fungicide applications. Leaf and ear disease assessments were done during wheat growing season. Phaeosphaeria nodorum and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis infection levels on grain were estimated in the laboratory under controlled conditions. A correlation analysis was done between tan spot AUDPC (area under the disease progress curve) values and grain infection by P. tritici-repentis and between the severity of Stagonospora glume blotch and P. nodorum infection on grain. Tan spot AUDPC values, in most cases, either did not correlate or correlated poorly (from 0.26 to 0.41) with grain infection by P. tritici-repentis in winter and spring wheat. The correlation analysis of Stagonospora glume blotch and P. nodorum infection on grain showed no relationship between these two parameters

<i>Bruchus rufimanus</i> Boh. Effect on Broad Bean Seed Quality and the Infection Level of Seed-Borne Fungal Pathogens

Broad bean weevil (Bruchus rufimanus Boh.) is considered an economically important insect pest of the broad bean crop. Its damage starts when larvae burrow into the seed and feed on endosperm or kill the embryo, thus the seed cannot germinate. The microbiological quality and consumer safety of broad bean may be compromised by holes. This study was performed during 2018–2020 to estimate the effect of seed damage by B. rufimanus on seed quality, germination rate and seedling growth, and on the incidence of seed-borne fungal pathogens. Broad bean seeds were collected and classified as damaged by B. rufimanus or non-damaged. There was a relationship between broad bean weevil damage and an increase in fungal contamination. Results showed that germination decreased from 97.2% for non-damaged seeds to 81.4% for the seeds with B. rufimanus damage. Seven fungal genera were identified: Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., Mucor spp. and Botrytis spp. The most common fungal genus was Cladosporium spp. Our research shows that B. rufimanus negatively affects the germination of its host’s seeds and decreases the development of seedlings

FUNGICIDE APPLICATION TIMING AGAINST SCLEROTINIA STEM ROT ON WINTER AND SPRING OILSEED RAPE IN LITHUANIA

The present study provides the data of research into the fungicide application timing against Sclerotinia stem rot on winter and spring oilseed rape during the 2011-2012 cropping seasons in Lithuania. The fungicides (boscalid and prothioconazole+tebuconazole) were applied once at different flowering stages. The application time according to GS was associated with ascospores production peak. The peak of ascospores on the petals was recorded at the full flowering stage of winter oilseed rape in 2011-2012 and in spring oilseed rape in 2011. High infection was established at end of flowering in 2012 in spring oilseed rape. Application of fungicides at peak of ascospores gave the best control of the disease. However, non-significant differences in incidence and severity were identified between fungicide application times in both crops. Fungicides application at ascospores release peak gave the best control of Sclerotinia stem rot and yield increase

Optimizing Insecticide Application Timing for Broad Bean Weevil Control and Minimizing Crop Damage in Broad Bean (<i>Vicia faba</i> Linn.)

During the growing seasons of 2018 to 2020, a field experiment in broad bean (Vicia faba L.) was conducted at the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. The objective of the study was to explore the effects of the timing of insecticide application on the abundance, damage, and control of the broad bean weevil (Bruchus rufimanus Boh.). The experiment included four spray regimes and an untreated control. Yellow water traps were utilized to monitor the broad bean weevil from germination to senescence. Results indicate that broad bean weevil infestation occurred in all study years, with the highest density of adults observed during the flowering stage. Damage to seeds ranged from 23% to 59.62%. The data suggest that B. rufimanus infestation can result in a 19.1% reduction in seed yield. However, spraying when the daily temperature exceeded the threshold for adult activity for 3 days and at the end of flowering produced a significant increase in yield of 13.3% and 6.6%, respectively. Additionally, the spray at the end of flowering reduced damaged seeds by 21.4–48%

Drechslera teres (Pyrenophora teres) and ramularija (Ramularia Collo-Cygni Sutton Et Waller) control in spring barley

DRECHSLERA TERES (Pyrenophora teres) and RAMURALIJA (Ramularia Coll-cygnus) test was equipped with a Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian and Forest Sciences Center of the Institute of Agriculture experimental fields in 2011. DRECHSLERA TERES of barely caused by Pyrenophora teres Drechler (anamorph Drechslera teres). Studies in a variety of Merte's barley equipped test strippespread by DRECHLERA anr Ramularija, their milk intensity of fungicide untreated plotswere 1,27 and 2,62 per cent. From DRECHSLERA TERES 2011 spring barley increased efficienty Marte divorced containing the active substance strobilurines Variant XPRO and fungicides Fandago. Effctive in reducing the intensity of Ramularija tiazolintions chemical group active substance with fungicide prothioconazole Prosaro, carbovamide group of new chemical products containing the active substance and Bell Seguro, triazole Opus 5-j-obilurines active substance and fungicide Opera NVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Lietuvoje auginamų vasarinių miežių veislių sėklos užkrėstumas mikromicetais

Straipsnyje apibendrinti 2002-2004 m. atliktų iš skirtingų Lietuvos vietų surinktų įvairių veislių vasarinių miežių sėklinių grūdų užkrėstumo mikromicetais tyrimų duomenys. Tyrimų laikotarpiu visuose miežių sėklinių grūdų mėginiuose vyravo Alternaria, Penicillium, Fusarium, Drechslera ir Cladosporium genčių grybai, kurie buvo užkrėtę atitinkamai 40,3; 25,2; 16,3; 7,8 ir 0,7 % sėklų. Didėjant miežių grūdų drėgniui, didėjo Penicillium spp., kitų genčių grupės grybų ir mažėjo Alternaria spp. užkrėstų sėklų kiekis. Užkrėstumas Fusarium ir Drechslera genčių grybais išliko panašaus lygio, nepriklausomai nuo grūdų drėgnio. Fusarium, Alternaria, Penicillium ir Drechslera genčių grybais truputį daugiau užkrėsta buvo C2, nei C1 kategorijos miežių sėkla. Grūdų užkrėstumo mikromicetais skirtumai priklausomai nuo veislės ir grūdų masės šiame tyrime neišryškėjoVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Sensitivity of Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates to demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides

Abstract Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) J. Schröt. (anamorph Zymoseptoria tritici (Desm.) Quaedvlieg &amp; Crous) causes Septoria leaf blotch disease of wheat. The disease can be responsible for yield losses of 30-50% and, when severe, requires management with a fungicide. Single picnidia isolates collected from different locations of Lithuania were tested in vitro for sensitivity to demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides epoxiconazole, cyproconazole and prothioconazole. Fungicide concentrations were chosen from the proposed Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) methods. Microtitre plates with 96-wells were inoculated with suspensions of pycnidiospores taken from single pycnidia of leaves. In total, 196 isolates from 34 locations were tested over the three experimental years (2009)(2010)(2011). The results showed reduced sensitivity of M. graminicola isolates to epoxiconazole and cyproconazole. The average EC 50 values over three experimental years for epoxiconazole varied between 1.02 and 3.15 mg l -1 , for cyproconazole -1.51 and 10.66 mg l -1 . The sensitivity to prothioconazole of 64 isolates from 13 locations (2011) ranged from 0.43 to 32.28 mg l -1 . Results of field experiments (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011) showed that fungicides epoxiconazole and prothioconazole significantly reduced the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values of Septoria leaf blotch compared with untreated plots in winter wheat. In most cases, a single fungicide application significantly increased grain yield and a thousand grain weight weight

The effect of thermal treatment on spring barley seed infection and germination

2005-2006 m. tirta terminio apdorojimo (karštais garais (+100 °C)), kurio trukmė nuo 1 iki 10 s, įtaka vasarinių miežių (Hordeum vulgarė) sėklų užsikrėtimui su sėklomis plintančiais ' grybais ir jų daigumui. Tyrimui naudotose sėklose dominavo Fusarium (iki 24,8 užsikrėtusių naujau sėklų), Drechslera (6,8 proc), Alternaria (57,8 proc.) ir Penicillium (31,8 proc.) genčių grybai. {'( Nustatyta, kad terminis sėklų apdorojimas iš esmės mažino jų ligotumą. Apdorojimo | karštais garais veiksmingumas priklausė nuo apdorojimo trukmės - ilgėjant ekspozicijos laikui, . . daugiau sėklų buvo apvalyta nuo su sėklomis plintančių grybų. Po 10 s ekspozicijos karštuose . garuose miežių sėklose visiškai nerasta Fusarium, Drechslera, Alternaria grybų. Tačiau 10 s . trukmės terminis sėklų apdorojimas iš esmės sumažino jų dygimo energiją ir daigumą. Buvo /[ nustatyta, kad sėklos karštais garais (nepažeidžiant jų daigumo) gali būti apdorojamos vieną kartą , . . iki 6 s. Šiomis sąlygomis visiškai sunaikinami su sėklomis plintantys Drechslera genties grybai, J <_ gerokai sumažėja Fusarium ir Alternaria genčių grybais užsikrėtusių grūdų. Dukartinis sėklos apdorojimas karštais garais, ir ypač esant ilgesnei ekspozicijai, buvo veiksmingesnis nuo su sėklomis plintančių grybų nei vienkartinis, tačiau, dukart termiškai apdorojus sėklas iki 6 s, jų c dygimo energija ir daigumas sumažėjo iš esmės. Tyrimas parodė, kad miežių sėklos gali būti c apdorojamos karštais garais vieną kartą ir ne ilgiau kaip 6 s. Pažymėtina, kad drėgmės kiekis juos r apdorotose karštais garais sėklose padidėja, todėl ateityje būtini sėklų džiovinimo tyrimai jas * Akade apdorojus be rizikos sėkloms iš naujo užsikrėstiExperiments were carried out over the period 2005-2006 to study the effects of thermal treatment (hot vapour (100°C)) lasting from 1 to 10 seconds on spring barley (Hordeum vitlgare) seed fungal infection and germination. Fusarium (up to 24.8% of infected seed), Altemaria (up to 57.8%), Penicillium (up to 31.8%) and Drechslera (up to 6.8%) genera fungi were dominant on the spring barley seed tested. It was found that thermal treatment significantly reduced the level of fungal infection. The effect of hot vapour depended on the duration of treatment - with increasing exposure time more seed was disinfested. Pathogenic fungi Fusarium and Drechslera andsaprophytic Altemaria were not found on barley seed after a l()s hot vapour single treatment. However, a 10 s exposure significantly reduced seed vigour and germination. It was established that without any damage to germination, spring bailey seed can be exposed to hot vapour once for up to 6 s. Under such conditions the fungi of Drechslera genus were completely destroyed. The seed infection by Fusarium and Altemaria markedly declined. Twice application of hot vapour especially at longer exposition gave better control of seed born fungi compared to single application; however, the two-time treatment for up to 6 s significantly reduced seed germination and vigour. Experimental findings suggest that seed can be treated by hot vapour once and the maximum seed exposure time is 6 seconds. Since moisture content of seed treated with hot vapour increases; it is necessary to continue the investigation on management of moist seedVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij