Statistical Analysis of Instantaneous Velocities in Turbulent Flow of Dilute Viscoelastic Solutions

An experimental study, based on streak photograph determination of instantaneous velocities, was directed at determining the structure of turbulence within the boundary layer and core regions of circular pipes. The measurements lend support to the ejection phenomenon as the mechanism controlling drag reduction. A correlation factor, defined as the ratio of the observed number of positive instantaneous radial velocities, to the observed number of negative instantaneous radial velocities, suggests acceleration in the radial direction as the elements of fluid move through the sublayer. The correlation factor also provides information about the thickening of the boundary layer for drag reducers relative to the Newtonian case. Radial turbulent intensity data for 0.01% aqueous solutions of Separan AP-30 were found to be markedly lower, at all radial positions, than the intensities for Newtonian fluids. The lowering of the radial intensities being ordered according to the amount of drag reduction

Avec leur statut original, quels rôles pour les sociétés d'aménagement régional dans les politiques de l'eau et de l’irrigation ?

Les sociétés d’aménagement régional (SAR) opérateurs régionaux de la gestion de l’eau avec un mandat d’aménagement du territoire ont un statut original de sociétés commerciales. Elles jouent un rôle majeur dans la réalisation des investissements nécessaires à l’irrigation dans le Sud de la France. Une interview de trois cadres de ces sociétés permet de cerner comment elles peuvent jouer ce rôle. La relation avec les irrigants se fait par des contrats de droit privé impliquant généralement un comptage des quantités d’eau distribuée et une attention particulière au prix de l’eau. La vente d’eau à différents usagers agricole, urbain ou industriel permet d’équilibrer les comptes. Ces sociétés apportant à l’État la garantie d’organisations structurées, la répartition de l’eau, la création de ressource avant l’équipement des exploitations irrigantes, le conseil d’État recommande de leur donner plus de poids. / Regional development companies (SAR), regional organizations of water management with a role of regional planning and development have, in France, an original status of corporations. They play a major role in making the necessary investments in irrigation in the South of France. An interview with three managers of these companies can identify how they can play this role. Relationship with irrigators is done by private contracts generally involving water measurement and special attention to water price. The sale of water to different users agricultural, urban or industrial balances the accounts. As these companies bring to the state the guaranty of structured organizations, balanced distribution of water, creating resource before farm equipment, the State Council recommends to give them more weight

Shortening of the Short Refractory Periods in Short QT Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of short QT syndrome (SQTS) remains difficult in case of borderline QT values as often found in normal populations. Whether some shortening of refractory periods (RP) may help in differentiating SQTS from normal subjects is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Atrial and right ventricular RP at the apex and right ventricular outflow tract as determined during standard electrophysiological study were compared between 16 SQTS patients (QTc 324±24 ms) and 15 controls with similar clinical characteristics (QTc 417±32 ms). Atrial RP were significantly shorter in SQTS compared with controls at 600- and 500-ms basic cycle lengths. Baseline ventricular RP were significantly shorter in SQTS patients than in controls, both at the apex and right ventricular outflow tract and for any cycle length. Differences remained significant for RP of any subsequent extrastimulus at any cycle length and any pacing site. A cut-off value of baseline RP <200 ms at the right ventricular outflow tract either at 600- or 500-ms cycle length had a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 100% for the diagnosis of SQTS. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SQTS have shorter ventricular RP than controls, both at baseline during various cycle lengths and after premature extrastimuli. A cut-off value of 200 ms at the right ventricular outflow tract during 600- and 500-ms basic cycle length may help in detecting true SQTS from normal subjects with borderline QT values

Minerals information GIS for regional development and inward investment in Northern Highlands of Scotland

The principal aim of this project, funded by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), is to stimulate exploration for metalliferous minerals in the Northern Highlands of Scotland, thereby promoting inward investment, job creation and the development of infrastructure in the region. The Northern Highlands study area occupies about 27,000 km2 located to the north and west of the Great Glen, including the Hebrides, Orkney and Shetland. The regional geology is highly varied, comprising mainly Archaean and Proterozoic metamorphic rocks and Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks. Intrusive igneous rocks are also widely developed. This geological diversity enhances the potential of the region for the occurrence of a wide range of mineral deposit types. The Northern Highlands are under-explored, relative to other parts of Scotland; nevertheless, this study has documented more than 350 recorded mineral occurrences

Experimental inoculation of plants and animals with Ebola virus.

Thirty-three varieties of 24 species of plants and 19 species of vertebrates and invertebrates were experimentally inoculated with Ebola Zaire virus. Fruit and insectivorous bats supported replication and circulation of high titers of virus without necessarily becoming ill; deaths occurred only among bats that had not adapted to the diet fed in the laboratory

Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in tetralogy of Fallot

Cardiolog

A simple radionuclide-driven single-ion source

We describe a source capable of producing single barium ions through nuclear recoils in radioactive decay. The source is fabricated by electroplating 148Gd onto a silicon {\alpha}-particle detector and vapor depositing a layer of BaF2 over it. 144Sm recoils from the alpha decay of 148Gd are used to dislodge Ba+ ions from the BaF2 layer and emit them in the surrounding environment. The simultaneous detection of an {\alpha} particle in the substrate detector allows for tagging of the nuclear decay and of the Ba+ emission. The source is simple, durable, and can be manipulated and used in different environments. We discuss the fabrication process, which can be easily adapted to emit most other chemical species, and the performance of the source

Veterinary students' views on animal patiens and human clients, using Q methodology

Veterinarians serve two masters: animal patients and human clients. Both animal patients and human clients have legitimate interests, and conflicting moral claims may flow from these interests. Earlier research concludes that veterinary students are very much aware of the complex and often paradoxical relationship they have and will have with animals. In this article the views of veterinary students about their anticipated relationship with animal patients and human clients are studied. The main part of the article describes discourses of first-year and fourth-year students about their (future) relationship with animals and their caretakers, for which Q-methodology is used. At the end of the article, the discourses are related to the students' gender and their workplace preferences. © 2007 AAVMC

Genetic Characterization of Nipah Virus, Bangladesh, 2004

Until 2004, identification of Nipah virus (NV)-like outbreaks in Bangladesh was based on serology. We describe the genetic characterization of a new strain of NV isolated during outbreaks in Bangladesh (NV-B) in 2004, which confirms that NV was the etiologic agent responsible for these outbreaks