Evaluasi Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Kayu Manis Cinnamomum Burmannii pada Pakan terhadap Kinerja Pertumbuhan Ikan Patin Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus Sauvage, 1878 [Evaluation Of The Addition Of Cinnamon Cinnamomum Burmannii Leaves Extract In Diet For Growth Performance Of Catfish Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus Sauvage, 1878]

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan ekstrak daun kayu manis Cinnamomum burmannii dengan dosis berbeda pada pakan terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan ikan patin Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Penelitian ini terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Ekstrak daun kayu manis dicampurkan ke dalam pakan dengan lima dosis yaitu: 0 (kontrol); 0,5; 1; 2; dan 4 g kg-1 pakan. Ikan patin (7,43+0,01 g) dipelihara dalam 15 akuarium (volume 160 liter) dengan kepadatan 30 ekor/akurium selama 60 hari. Ikan diberi pakan secara at satiation sebanyak tiga kali sehari pada pukul 08.00, 12.00 dan 16.00. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak daun kayu manis sebanyak 1 g kg-1 pakan memberikan hasil yang optimal karena dapat meningkatkan retensi protein dan efisiensi pakan sebesar 24,6% dan 23,4% dengan laju pertumbuhan yang sama dengan perlakuan tanpa penambahan ekstrak daun kayu manis (kontrol)

Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (Lkpd) Berbasis Sets (Science, Environment, Technology And Society) Tema Kebakaran Lahan dan Hutan (Karlahut) pada Mata Pelajaran Biologi Kelas X SMA

The issue of land and forest fires require an effort comprehensively, byinstilling the values of knowledge. The value of the integrated knowledge on subjects inthe school of biology in particular. The purpose of this study is to increaseunderstanding and knowledge learners regarding land and forest fires and peat swampecosystem so expect future learners can perform preventive measures against theproblem of land and forest fires. This research was carried out in the laboratory ofBiology Education Department PMIPA FKIP University of Riau and SMAN 1 Tambangin January – March 2016. This type of research is development research using modelADDIE conducted up to the stage of development. There are five Student Worksheets(LKPD) developed. Data collection instruments in the research is the assessmentsheetsof validation, and student response. After LKPD developed, validated by 4 peoplevalidator then conducted tests I on 19 students semester 2 Biology education, and URfree trial II on 19 person learners Class X in SMAN 1 Tambang. The results of thevalidation shows the average score aspects of eligibility of the contents of 5 LKPDdeveloped is 3.48 category is valid, the average score of design aspects is a validcategory, and 3.44 average score aspects of pedagogy is 3.67 valid categories. Theaverage score of the overall aspect of the five LKPD is 3.50 category is valid. Theresults of the first tests showed a mean score of 4.3 with category very well. The resultsof the second tests showed the mean score II 4.3 with category very well. The results ofstudents answer showed that mean score 78 with category valid. LKPD Based SETS thetheme of land and forest fires can provide understanding and knowledge about the landand forest fires and peat swamp ecosystem as well as indirectly can improve the attitudeof caring environment learners

Implementation of a Pharmacy-Based Adult Vaccine Benefit: Recommendations for a Commercial Health Plan Benefit

BACKGROUND: Although vaccination rates in children exceed 90% in the United States, adults are vaccinated at far lower rates. In order to address this issue, additional community immunizers are needed, and pharmacists are in an ideal position to fill this void. OBJECTIVES: To explore issues and barriers related to implementation of a pharmacy-based adult vaccine benefit and develop recommendations supporting a pathway for benefit expansion. METHODS: A literature review on the current environment surrounding pharmacy-based adult vaccinations and structured interviews were conducted to inform an expert panel meeting using a modified Delphi process (pre/post survey). The goal was to develop recommendations on how to improve access to adult vaccines. RESULTS: Findings suggest employers play a key role in requesting changes in benefit design to include pharmacy-based vaccinations. However, the lack of consistent communication between pharmacists and primary care providers remains a significant barrier. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacy-based access to vaccinations improves patient access and benefits individuals and employers. In order to take advantage of this opportunity, pharmacists must be viewed within the broader context of preventative care, including pharmacy-based vaccinations

PENURUNAN KADAR LOGAM KADMIUM PADA UDANG (Peanaeus merguiensis) DENGAN PERENDAMAN CUKA NIRA ENAU (Arenga pinnata)

A research on the decrease of cadmium (Cd) content in shrimps by soaking them in palm (Arenga Pinnata) vinegar has been done. This study aimed to determine the removal percentage (%) of cadmium from shrimp after immersed in palm (Arenga Pinnata) vinegar and to determine the concentration and immersion time optimum in reducing the cadmium metal content in shrimps. The research was conducted in several steps namely sample preparation, determination of optimum concentration of vinegar, simulation of shrimp pollution, sample soaking in palm (Arenga Pinnata) vinegar and determination of cadmium content in samples. A two-way ANOVA test (α = 0,05) showed that the variation of palm (Arenga Pinnata) vinegar concentration has significant effect on reducing Cd content, while contact times have no significant effect on the reduction of Cd content in shrimps. It was found that the optimum concentration of palm (Arenga Pinnata) vinegar was 2% and optimum immersion time was 30 minutes. The removal percentage (%) of cadmium content from shrimps using palm vinegar reached 98.84%

Monitoring of a methane-seeping pockmark by cabled benthic observatory (Patras Gulf, Greece)

A new seafloor observatory, the gas monitoring module (GMM), has been developed for continuous and long-term measurements of methane and hydrogen sulphide concentrations in seawater, integrated with temperature (T), pressure (P) and conductivity data at the seafloor. GMM was deployed in April 2004 within an active gas-bearing pockmark in the Gulf of Patras (Greece), at a water depth of 42 m. Through a submarine cable linked to an onshore station, it was possible to remotely check, via direct phone connection, GMM functioning and to receive data in nearreal time. Recordings were carried out in two consecutive campaigns over the periods April–July 2004, and September 2004–January 2005, amounting to a combined dataset of ca. 6.5 months. This represents the first long-term monitoring ever done on gas leakage from pockmarks by means of CH4+H2S+T+P sensors. The results show frequent T and P drops associated with gas peaks, more than 60 events in 6.5 months, likely due to intermittent, pulsation-like seepage. Decreases in temperature in the order of 0.1–1°C (up to 1.7°C) below an ambient T of ca. 17°C (annual average) were associated with short-lived pulses (10–60 min) of increased CH4+H2S concentrations. This seepage “pulsation” can either be an active process driven by pressure build-up in the pockmark sediments, or a passive fluid release due to hydrostatic pressure drops induced by bottom currents cascading into the pockmark depression. Redundancy and comparison of data from different sensors were fundamental to interpret subtle proxy signals of temperature and pressure which would not be understood using only one sensor.Published297-302JCR Journalreserve

Epistemic Dependence and Collective Scientific Knowledge

I argue that scientific knowledge is collective knowledge, in a sense to be specified and defended. I first consider some existing proposals for construing collective knowledge and argue that they are unsatisfactory, at least for scientific knowledge as we encounter it in actual scientific practice. Then I introduce an alternative conception of collective knowledge, on which knowledge is collective if there is a strong form of mutual epistemic dependence among scientists, which makes it so that satisfaction of the justification condition on knowledge ineliminably requires a collective. Next, I show how features of contemporary science support the conclusion that scientific knowledge is collective knowledge in this sense. Finally, I consider implications of my proposal and defend it against objections. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht