Range-Dependent Disorder Effects on the Plateau-Widths Calculated within the Screening Theory of the Iqhe

We summarize the screening theory of the integer quantized Hall effect (IQHE) and emphasize its two key mechanisms: first, the existence, in certain magnetic field intervals, of incompressible strips, with integer values of the local filling factor and quantized values of longitudinal and Hall resistivity, and second, the confinement of an imposed dissipative current to these strips, leading to the quantization of the global resistances. We demonstrate that, without any localization assumption, this theory explains the enormous experimental reproducibility of the quantized resistance values, as well as experimental results on the potential distribution in narrow Hall bars. We further demonstrate that inclusion of long-range potential fluctuations allows to apply the theory to wider Hall bars, and can lead to a broadening of the quantum Hall plateaus, whereas short-range disorder tends to narrow the plateaus.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, paper of the invited talk at Semi-Mag 17, Wuerzburg, German

The Interrelation between Incompressible Strips and Quantized Hall Plateaus

We study the current and charge distribution of a two dimensional electron gas under strong perpendicular magnetic fields within the linear response regime. We show within a self-consistent screening theory that incompressible strips with integer values of local Landau-level filling factor exist for finite intervals of the magnetic field strength $B$. Within an essentially local conductivity model, we find that the current density in these $B$ intervals is confined to the incompressible strips of vanishing local longitudinal resistivity. This leads to vanishing longitudinal and exactly quantized Hall resistance, and to a nice agreement of the calculated Hall potential profiles with the measured ones.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

The Preparation of Liposomes Derived From Mixed Micelles of Lecithin Added by Sodium Cholate, Followed by Dialysing Using Hemoflow High Flux F60S

Liposomes are used for drug carriers meaning that drugs are incorporated in the membrane or the vesicle of the liposomes. In this study, liposomes were prepared from mixed micelles, consisting of phosphatidylcholine, without or with cholesterol and sodium cholate was added in several ratios namely 0.44; 0.55; 0.63; 0.70; 0.90 and 1.10. After the preparation, the sodium cholate has been removed by a dialysis membrane, using the Hemoflow High Flux, which is generally used for haemodialysis. The Hemoflow High Flux is a tool in an effort to obtain a simple, quick, effective method for removing sodium cholate in the process of preparing liposomes. The effectiveness of this tool was proved by the particle size of the liposome which was measured by the Malvern Particle Sizer. The particle size of the liposome consisting of phosphatidylcholine (PC) without cholesterol and with cholesterol was 63-68 nm at all ratios and approximately 125 nm at the ratio of 0.55; 0.63; 0.70, respectively. The particle size of the liposome tended to be smaller after dialyzing, although the concentration of lipids tended to increase. However, a large amount of buffer solution has to be used with this method

Tumbling giant: Germany's experience with the Maastricht fiscal criteria

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Laser Doppler system for measuring three dimensional vector velocity Patent

Describing laser Doppler velicometer for measuring mean velocity and turbulence of fluid flo