Monetary policy of the bank of Latvia in the eurozone introduction conditions

The objective of this article is to follow the main trends in the development in the Latvian’s monetary policy and the European Monetary system accession process, with a focus on the local currency stability problems. It discusses the process and strategies for choice of the strategy as well as the main issues that have arisen in the accession process. The objective fully corresponding to the article’s research object, i.e. to a monetary policy of the Bank of Latvia. Regarding the developed countries the general monetary policy objectives deals not only with maintenance of stability of the exchange rate and general price level, but also with stimulation of economic development, growth of employment and incomes of the citizens. The period from 2005 till 2013 is being investigated. The author uses a wide range of research methods, such as: grouping method, method of comparison of financial ratios, etc

Total ozone decrease in the Arctic after REP events

International audienceEight periods of relativistic electron precipitation (REP) with electron energies of more than 300 keV are identified from VLF data (10-14 kHz) monitored along the Aldra (Norway) - Apatity (Kola peninsula) radio trace. In these cases, anomalous ionization below 55-50 km occurred without disturbing the higher layers of the ionosphere. The daily total ozone values in Murmansk for six days before and six days after the REP events are compared. In seven of eight events a decrease in the total ozone of about 20 DU is observed. In one event of 25 March, 1986, the mean total ozone value for six days before the REP is bigger than that for six days after, but this a case of an extremely high ozone increase (144 DU during the six days). However, on days 3 and 4 there was a minimum of about 47 DU with regard to REP days, so this case also confirms the concept of the ozone decrease after REP. The difference between mean ozone values for periods six days before and six days after the REPs was found also for 23 points in Arctic on TOMS data. The difference was negative only in Murmansk longitudinal sector. Along the meridian of the trace it was negative at high latitudes in both hemispheres and was near zero at low latitudes

Communication research between working capacity of hardalloy cutting tools and fractal dimension of their wear

The results of communication research between the wear resistance of the Kapplicability hard-alloy cutting tools and the fractal dimension of the wear surface,which is formed on a back side of the cutting edge when processing the materialsshowing high adhesive activity are presented in the paper. It has been established thatthe wear resistance of tested cutting tools samples increases according to a fractaldimension increase of their wear surface

Stable ozone layer in Norway and USSR

Long-term column ozone density measurements have been carried out in Norway and USSR. Data from Tromso and two meridional chains in USSR are analyzed, and most of the stations show that no significant decreasing trend in ozone has occurred during the last two decades

МОДИФИКАЦИЯ ЭПОКСИАМИННЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ ОЛИГОГЕКСАМЕТИЛЕНГУАНИДИНАМИ

Methods of introducing a water-soluble biocide modifier, oligohexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride, into epoxy-amine systems were studied. The obvious way is the introduction of the modifier in the waterborne epoxy-amine systems. However, this leads to cured systems with reduced mechanical properties. Introduction of oligohexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride solutions in organic solvents into epoxy-amine systems allows obtaining a homogeneous system, but their application is limited by the presence of a volatile solvent. Finally, introduction of oligohexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride solutions in a water-soluble amine curing agent into epoxy-amine systems has good prospects. It is shown that the analyzed modifier has good solubility in ethylenediamine, but poor solubility in oligooxypropylenediamine. It was found that the modifier is capable of interacting chemically with epoxy resins at 22°C to form an elastic insoluble material. In an epoxy-amine system with a more active hardener (ethylenediamine) oligohexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride acts as a plastifier (flexibilizer). This significantly reduces the glass transition temperature of the matrix (from 53 to 37ºC).Исследованы способы введения водорастворимого биоцидного модификатора - гидрохлорида олигогексаметиленгуанидина в эпоксиаминные системы. Очевидным способом является введение этого модификатора в водоразбавляемые эпоксиаминные системы, однако отвержденные системы такого рода должны иметь сниженные механические показатели. Введение гидрохлорида олигогексаметиленгуанидина в эпоксиаминные системы в виде растворов в органических растворителях позволяет получить гомогенные системы, однако их использование ограничено наличием летучего растворителя. Наконец, хорошими перспективами обладает введение гидрохлорида олигогексаметиленгуанидина в эпоксиаминную систему в виде раствора в водорастворимом аминном отвердителе. Показано, что исследуемый модификатор хорошо растворяется в этилендиамине, но плохо растворим в олигооксипропилендиамине. Установлено, что в гомогенной системе этот модификатор способен химически взаимодействовать с ЭО уже при 22ºС, с образованием эластичного нерастворимого материала. В эпоксиаминной системе, дополнительно содержащей более активный отвердитель (этилендиамин), олигогексаметиленгуанидин выступает в роли пластификатора или флексибилизатора, значительно снижая температуру стеклования матрицы (с 53 до 37 ºС)

Total ozone decrease in the Arctic after REP events

Eight periods of relativistic electron precipitation (REP) with electron energies of more than 300 keV are identified from VLF data (10-14 kHz) monitored along the Aldra (Norway) - Apatity (Kola peninsula) radio trace. In these cases, anomalous ionization below 55-50 km occurred without disturbing the higher layers of the ionosphere. The daily total ozone values in Murmansk for six days before and six days after the REP events are compared. In seven of eight events a decrease in the total ozone of about 20 DU is observed. In one event of 25 March, 1986, the mean total ozone value for six days before the REP is bigger than that for six days after, but this a case of an extremely high ozone increase (144 DU during the six days). However, on days 3 and 4 there was a minimum of about 47 DU with regard to REP days, so this case also confirms the concept of the ozone decrease after REP. The difference between mean ozone values for periods six days before and six days after the REPs was found also for 23 points in Arctic on TOMS data. The difference was negative only in Murmansk longitudinal sector. Along the meridian of the trace it was negative at high latitudes in both hemispheres and was near zero at low latitudes.Key words: Atmospheric composition and structure (middle atmosphere - composition and chemistry) - Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (polar meteorology

MODIFICATION OF EPOXY-AMINE POLYMERS BY OLIGOHEXAMETHYLENEGUANIDINES

Methods of introducing a water-soluble biocide modifier, oligohexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride, into epoxy-amine systems were studied. The obvious way is the introduction of the modifier in the waterborne epoxy-amine systems. However, this leads to cured systems with reduced mechanical properties. Introduction of oligohexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride solutions in organic solvents into epoxy-amine systems allows obtaining a homogeneous system, but their application is limited by the presence of a volatile solvent. Finally, introduction of oligohexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride solutions in a water-soluble amine curing agent into epoxy-amine systems has good prospects. It is shown that the analyzed modifier has good solubility in ethylenediamine, but poor solubility in oligooxypropylenediamine. It was found that the modifier is capable of interacting chemically with epoxy resins at 22°C to form an elastic insoluble material. In an epoxy-amine system with a more active hardener (ethylenediamine) oligohexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride acts as a plastifier (flexibilizer). This significantly reduces the glass transition temperature of the matrix (from 53 to 37ºC)