Physics opportunities with future proton accelerators at CERN

We analyze the physics opportunities that would be made possible by upgrades of CERN's proton accelerator complex. These include the new physics possible with luminosity or energy upgrades of the LHC, options for a possible future neutrino complex at CERN, and opportunities in other physics including rare kaon decays, other fixed-target experiments, nuclear physics and antiproton physics, among other possibilities. We stress the importance of inputs from initial LHC running and planned neutrino experiments, and summarize the principal detector R&D issues.Comment: 39 page, word document, full resolution version available from http://cern.ch/pofpa/POFPA-arXive.pd

A Disposable paper breathalyzer with an alcohol sensing organic electrochemical transistor.

UNLABELLED: Breathalyzers estimate Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) from the concentration of ethanol in the breath. Breathalyzers are easy to use but are limited either by their high price and by environmental concerns, or by a short lifetime and the need for continuous recalibration. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept disposable breathalyzer using an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) modified with alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) as the sensor. The OECT is made with the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT: PSS), and is printed on paper. ADH and its cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) are immobilized onto the OECT with an electrolyte gel. When the OECT-breathalyzer is exposed to ethanol vapor, the enzymatic reaction of ADH and ethanol transforms NAD(+) into NADH, which causes a decrease in the OECT source drain current. In this fashion, the OECT-breathalyzer easily detects ethanol in the breath equivalent to BAC from 0.01% to 0.2%. The use of a printed OECT may contribute to the development of breathalyzers that are disposable, ecofriendly, and integrated with wearable devices for real-time BAC monitoring

Using b→sγb \to s\gamma to Probe Top Quark Couplings

Possible anomalous couplings of the top-quark to on-shell photons and gluons are constrained by the recent results of the CLEO Collaboration on both inclusive and exclusive radiative $B$ decays. We find that the process \bsg\ can lead to reasonable bounds on both the anomalous electric and magnetic dipole moments of the top-quark, while essentially no limits are obtained on the corresponding chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments, which enter the expression for the decay rate only through operator mixing.Comment: 10 pages plus 6 figures (available by request), LaTex, ANL-HEP-PR-93-3

Gaseous Dark Matter Detectors

Dark Matter detectors with directional sensitivity have the potential of yielding an unambiguous positive observation of WIMPs as well as discriminating between galactic Dark Matter halo models. In this article, we introduce the motivation for directional detectors, discuss the experimental techniques that make directional detection possible, and review the status of the experimental effort in this field.Comment: 19 pages, review on gaseous directional dark matter detectors submitted to New Journal of Physic

R_b and New Physics: A Comprehensive Analysis

We survey the implications for new physics of the discrepancy between the LEP measurement of $R_b$ and its Standard Model prediction. Two broad classes of models are considered: ($i$) those in which new Z\bbar b couplings arise at tree level, through $Z$ or $b$-quark mixing with new particles, and ($ii$) those in which new scalars and fermions alter the Z \bbar b vertex at one loop. We keep our analysis as general as possible in order to systematically determine what kinds of features can produce corrections to $R_b$ of the right sign and magnitude. We are able to identify several successful mechanisms, which include most of those which have been recently been proposed in the literature, as well as some earlier proposals (\eg\ supersymmetric models). By seeing how such models appear as special cases of our general treatment we are able to shed light on the reason for, and the robustness of, their ability to explain $R_b$.Comment: 60 pages, 8 figures, plain tex, uses epsf. Final version to appear in Phys. Rev. D; propgating sign error corrected in eqs. 78, 87, 88, 89, 98, and 107; results unchange

A New Model for Fermion Masses in Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories

We present a simple model for fermion mass matrices and quark mixing in the context of supersymmetric grand unified theories and show its agreement with experiment. Our model realizes the GUT mass relations $m_d=3m_e$, $m_s= m_\mu/3$, $m_b=m_\tau$ in a new way and is easily consistent with values of $m_t$ suggested by MSSM fits to LEP data.Comment: Latex, 8 p., ITP-SB-93-37 (revised version contains minor changes in some wording and citations; no changes in analytic or numerical results.

Incorporation of QCD Effects in Basic Corrections of the Electroweak Theory

We study the incorporation of QCD effects in the basic electroweak corrections \drcar, \drcarw, and \dr. They include perturbative \Ord{\alpha\alpha_s} contributions and $t\bar{t}$ threshold effects. The latter are studied in the resonance and Green-function approaches, in the framework of dispersion relations that automatically satisfy relevant Ward identities. Refinements in the treatment of the electroweak corrections, in both the \ms\ and the on-shell schemes of renormalization, are introduced, including the decoupling of the top quark in certain amplitudes, its effect on \hat{e}^2(\mz) and \sincarmz, the incorporation of recent results on the leading irreducible \Ord{\alpha^2} corrections, and simple expressions for the residual, i.e.\ ``non-electromagnetic'', parts of \drcar, \drcarw, and \dr. The results are used to obtain accurate values for \mw\ and \sincarmz, as functions of \mt\ and \mh. The higher-order effects induce shifts in these parameters comparable to the expected experimental accuracy, and they increase the prediction for \mt\ derived from current measurements. The \ms\ and the on-shell calculations of \dr, in a recently proposed formulation, are compared and found to be in excellent agreement over the wide ranges 60\GeV \leq \mh \leq 1 \TeV, \mz \leq \mt \leq 250 \GeV.Comment: 51 pages (needs doublespace, equations, and cite styles

FAKOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA BAYI USIA 6-24 BULAN DI PUSKESMAS CAMPLONG KABUPATEN KUPANG

Pemberian ASI eksklusif selama 6 bulan dapat menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas bayi, mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan bayi, meningkatkan kecerdasan anak, dan dapat melindungi bayi dari berbagai penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Perilaku Pemberian ASI Eksklusif Pada Bayi Usia 6-24 Bulan Di Puskesmas Camplong Kabupaten Kupang. Desain penelitian yang digunakan analitik korelasi dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Jumlah responden 115 orang. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dan diaalisis menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian  menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pekerjaan dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif (ρ value = 0,020), sikap dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif (ρ value = 0,005), dukungan keluarga dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif (ρ value = 0,009), dukungan petugas kesehatan dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif (ρ value = 0,013), jarak ke Puskesmas dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif (ρ value = 0,033) dan tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif (ρ value = 0,064). Dari penelitian ini diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan untuk meningkatkan strategi promosi kesehatan mengenai pentingnya ASI eksklusif, bagi ibu dan keluarga. Kata Kunci : ASI Eksklusif, Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi, Perilaku Ibu.Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months can reduce infant morbidity and mortality, optimize infant growth, increase children's intelligence, and can protect babies from various diseases. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 6-24 months at the Camplong Community Health Center, Kupang Regency. The research design used correlation analytic with cross sectional research design. The number of respondents was 115 people. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using the chi square test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between work and exclusive breastfeeding behavior (ρ value = 0.020), attitudes with exclusive breastfeeding behavior (ρ value = 0.005), family support with exclusive breastfeeding behavior (ρ value = 0.009), support health workers with exclusive breastfeeding behavior (ρ value = 0.013), distance to Puskesmas with exclusive breastfeeding behavior (ρ value = 0.033) and there is no relationship between knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding behavior (ρ value = 0.064). From this research, it is hoped that health workers can improve health promotion strategies regarding the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, for mothers and families.   Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding, Influencing Factors, Mother Behavior

Tracing CP violation in the production of top quark pairs by multiple TeV proton-proton collisions

We investigate the possibilities of searching for non-standard CP violation in $pp\to t\bar{t}X$ at multiple TeV collision energies. A general kinematic analysis of the underlying partonic production processes $gg\to t\bar{t}$ and $q\bar{q}\to t\bar{t}$ in terms of their density matrices is given. We evaluate the CP-violating parts of these matrices in two-Higgs doublet extensions of the standard model (SM) and give results for CP asymmetries at the parton level. We show that these asymmetries can be traced by measuring suitable observables constructed from energies and momenta of the decay products of $t$ and $\bar{t}$. We find CP-violating effects to be of the order of $10^{-3}$ and show that possible contaminations induced by SM interactions are savely below the expected signals.Comment: 24 pages, SLAC-PUB-6403, PITHA 93/43, 9 Figs. available upon request. Written in LaTe