Optimization of Convex Risk Functions

We consider optimization problems involving convex risk functions. By employing techniques of convex analysis and optimization theory in vector spaces of measurable functions we develop new representation theorems for risk models, and optimality and duality theory for problems involving risk functions

DataSheet1_Relationship Between Effort-Reward Imbalance, Over-Commitment and Occupational Burnout in the General Population: A Prospective Cohort Study.pdf

Objectives: To prospectively investigate the association between Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) and over-commitment and the scores of the burnout dimensions over a 4 years follow-up period considering potential confounders.Methods: Data stemmed from CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, a population-based cohort study including 575 participants (mean age 55 years, 50% men). Participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, ERI and over-commitment questionnaires at baseline (T1) and after a 4 years follow-up (T2), and provided demographic, behavioral, psychiatric, personality and social support information through self-reported questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Serially adjusted linear regression models were used.Results: ERI and over-commitment were not associated longitudinally with any of the burnout dimensions when controlling for confounders. One standard deviation increases in the scores of exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy were associated with one standard deviation increase in the scores of the same burnout dimensions longitudinally, and these associations were independent of the effects of ERI and over-commitment.Conclusion: Future studies should re-examine the effect of ERI and over-commitment on workers’ burnout, considering the effects of confounders.</p

Vitamin D status and unadjusted and adjusted levels of depressive symptoms.

<p>Group comparisons were calculated with multivariate analysis of variance (unadjusted) or covariance with full adjustment for age, sex, season, skin pigmentation, obesity, elevated liver enzyme levels, elevated C-reactive protein levels, psychiatric comorbidity (anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, somatoform disorder, eating disorder), recurrent depressive episode, medication (vitamin D supplements, number of antidepressants, use of neuroleptics, use of anticonvulsants, number of pain medications), and vitamin D assay.</p><p>¹ significantly higher with vitamin D deficiency than vitamin D insufficiency.</p><p>² significantly higher with vitamin D deficiency than vitamin D sufficiency.</p><p>³ significantly higher with vitamin D insufficiency than with vitamin D sufficiency.</p><p>BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; BSI-D, depression subscale of the Brief Symptom Inventory; HADS-D, depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.</p><p>Vitamin D status and unadjusted and adjusted levels of depressive symptoms.</p

Flow chart of the included 380 patients with a depressive episode.

<p>Flow chart of the included 380 patients with a depressive episode.</p

Summary of the rotated three-factor solution with item loadings.

<p>Only item loadings >0.4 are shown. BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II (c/a, cognitive/affective item; s/a, somatic/affective item); BSI, Brief Symptom Inventory; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale</p><p>Summary of the rotated three-factor solution with item loadings.</p

Image_1_Predisposing and precipitating risk factors for delirium in gastroenterology and hepatology: Subgroup analysis of 718 patients from a hospital-wide prospective cohort study.jpeg

Background and AimsDelirium is the most common acute neuropsychiatric syndrome in hospitalized patients. Higher age and cognitive impairment are known predisposing risk factors in general hospital populations. However, the interrelation with precipitating gastrointestinal (GI) and hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) diseases remains to be determined.Patients and methodsProspective 1-year hospital-wide cohort study in 29’278 adults, subgroup analysis in 718 patients hospitalized with GI/HPB disease. Delirium based on routine admission screening and a DSM-5 based construct. Regression analyses used to evaluate clinical characteristics of delirious patients.ResultsDelirium was detected in 24.8% (178/718). Age in delirious patients (median 62 years [IQR 21]) was not different to non-delirious (median 60 years [IQR 22]), p = 0.45). Dementia was the strongest predisposing factor for delirium (OR 66.16 [6.31–693.83], p ConclusionDelirium in GI- and HPB-disease was not associated with higher age per se, but with cognitive and functional impairment. Delirium needs to be considered in younger adults with acute renal failure and/or liver disease. Clinicians should be aware about individual risk profiles, apply preventive and supportive strategies early, which may improve outcomes and lower costs.</p

Image_2_Predisposing and precipitating risk factors for delirium in gastroenterology and hepatology: Subgroup analysis of 718 patients from a hospital-wide prospective cohort study.jpeg

Background and AimsDelirium is the most common acute neuropsychiatric syndrome in hospitalized patients. Higher age and cognitive impairment are known predisposing risk factors in general hospital populations. However, the interrelation with precipitating gastrointestinal (GI) and hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) diseases remains to be determined.Patients and methodsProspective 1-year hospital-wide cohort study in 29’278 adults, subgroup analysis in 718 patients hospitalized with GI/HPB disease. Delirium based on routine admission screening and a DSM-5 based construct. Regression analyses used to evaluate clinical characteristics of delirious patients.ResultsDelirium was detected in 24.8% (178/718). Age in delirious patients (median 62 years [IQR 21]) was not different to non-delirious (median 60 years [IQR 22]), p = 0.45). Dementia was the strongest predisposing factor for delirium (OR 66.16 [6.31–693.83], p ConclusionDelirium in GI- and HPB-disease was not associated with higher age per se, but with cognitive and functional impairment. Delirium needs to be considered in younger adults with acute renal failure and/or liver disease. Clinicians should be aware about individual risk profiles, apply preventive and supportive strategies early, which may improve outcomes and lower costs.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Predisposing and precipitating risk factors for delirium in gastroenterology and hepatology: Subgroup analysis of 718 patients from a hospital-wide prospective cohort study.pdf

Background and AimsDelirium is the most common acute neuropsychiatric syndrome in hospitalized patients. Higher age and cognitive impairment are known predisposing risk factors in general hospital populations. However, the interrelation with precipitating gastrointestinal (GI) and hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) diseases remains to be determined.Patients and methodsProspective 1-year hospital-wide cohort study in 29’278 adults, subgroup analysis in 718 patients hospitalized with GI/HPB disease. Delirium based on routine admission screening and a DSM-5 based construct. Regression analyses used to evaluate clinical characteristics of delirious patients.ResultsDelirium was detected in 24.8% (178/718). Age in delirious patients (median 62 years [IQR 21]) was not different to non-delirious (median 60 years [IQR 22]), p = 0.45). Dementia was the strongest predisposing factor for delirium (OR 66.16 [6.31–693.83], p ConclusionDelirium in GI- and HPB-disease was not associated with higher age per se, but with cognitive and functional impairment. Delirium needs to be considered in younger adults with acute renal failure and/or liver disease. Clinicians should be aware about individual risk profiles, apply preventive and supportive strategies early, which may improve outcomes and lower costs.</p

Flow chart of patient recruitment.

<p>Flow chart of patient recruitment.</p

Risk of recurrence of venous thromboembolism with depressive symptoms.

<p>Depressive symptoms were entered in steps of 3 points. The model accounted for 10.5% of the variance (chi square = 13.99, df = 5, p = 0.016).</p><p>Risk of recurrence of venous thromboembolism with depressive symptoms.</p