Expression of claudins in the normal canine gastric mucosa

The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression pattern of claudin-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -7, -8, -10 and -18 in the intact fundic and pyloric gastric mucosa of dogs. Intense, linear, membranous claudin-18 positivity was detected in the surface gastric cells and in the epithelial cells of the gastric glands both in the fundic and pyloric stomach regions. The mucous neck cells in the apical part of the glands, furthermore the parietal cells and chief cells of the basal part of the gland were all positive for claudin-18, in the same way as the enteroendocrine cells. Cells of the basal part of the pyloric glands showed intense, linear, membranous claudin-2 positivity, but cells of the superficial portion of these glands and the surface gastric cells in this region were claudin-2 negative. Fibroblasts, endothelial cells, lymphocytes of the propria layer, smooth muscle cells and vegetative neurons were all negative for claudin-2. All gastric epithelial cells were negative for claudin-1, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8 and -10. The endothelial cells of the propria layer had intense claudin-5 positivity. We assume that claudin-18 forms a paracellular barrier against gastric acid in the healthy canine stomach, in the same way as in mice

Angiostrongylosis-related restrictive pneumopathy assessed by arterial blood gas analysis in a dog

Pulmonary angiostrongylosis was diagnosed by the Baermann method and larval identification from faecal and bronchoalveolar lavage samples in a five-month- old male mongrel dog with dyspnoea and cough. Arterial blood gas analysis indicated arterial hypoxaemia and restrictive pneumopathy. In addition to the palliative treatment, fenbendazole was administered (50 mg/kg/24 h per os) for 14 days. The respiratory signs subsided within a short time clinically, but serial arterial blood gas analysis demonstrated an ongoing ventilation disorder. Repeated haematology, thoracic radiography, bronchoscopy and blood gas analysis were performed to follow the course of the disease. The most severe eosinophilia was detected after the beginning of the anthelmintic therapy, and the arterial pO2 level was permanently low. Arterial blood gas analysis provided the most adequate information about the course of the pneumopathy and it greatly facilitated the patient’s medical management

Az endoszkópia szerepe és lehetőségei a gasztroenterológiai diagnosztika és terápia néhány területén kutyában

Gastrointestinal endoscopy as a complementary diagnostic method plays an important role in the early detection of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. In many cases it is the most effective and minimally invasive procedure that allows detection of diseases macroscopically and in the subclinical stage. Gastroduodenoscopy is excellent for follow-up the patient’s recovery and for investigation the nasojejunal feeding tube’s applicability. I would like to demonstrate the role and possibilities of gastrointestinal endoscopy in the gastroenterological diagnostics and therapeutics in dogs

The role and options of gastrointestinal endoscopy in the gastroenterological diagnostics and therapeutics in dogs

Gastrointestinal endoscopy as a complementary diagnostic method plays an important role in the early detection of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. In many cases it is the most effective and minimally invasive procedure that allows detection of diseases macroscopically and in the subclinical stage. Gastroduodenoscopy is excellent for follow-up the patient’s recovery and for investigation the nasojejunal feeding tube’s applicability. I would like to demonstrate the role and possibilities of gastrointestinal endoscopy in the gastroenterological diagnostics and therapeutics in dogs

Citokinek az ember és a kutya krónikus bélgyulladásaiban : Irodalmi összefoglaló – Első rész

Ahogy az ember, úgy a kutyák idült gyulladásos bélbetegsége sem teljesen feltérképezett kóroktanú betegségcsoport. A gyulladásos válasz citokinjeinek pontos ismerete felbecsülhetetlen lehet a diagnosztika és a terápia során is. A humán gasztroenterológiában jelentős figyelem fordult ezek vizsgálata felé, de állatorvosi vonalon kevés az egyértelmű eredmény. Az irodalmi összefoglaló első részében a szerzők bemutatják az ember gyulladásos bélbetegségeinek immunológiai hátterét elsősorban a citokinek kifejeződése szempontjából, amelynek megértése irányt mutathat a kutyák idült bélbetegségei során lezajló folyamatok megismerésében

A kutyák circovírusa és kórtani jelentősége = The canine circovirus and its clinical relevance

A szerzők szakirodalmi adatok alapján összefoglalják a kutyák circovírusával kapcsolatos legfontosabb ismereteket. A kutyacircovírust először 2012-ben azonosították az Amerikai Egyesült Államokban. Ezt követően a vírus jelenléte világszerte leírásra került, mind egészséges, mind klinikai tüneteket mutató egyedekből. Amennyiben a fertőződés klinikai tüneteket okoz, úgy a leggyakrabban gyomor-bélrendszeri tünetek, hasmenés, hányás alakul ki. Ennek ellenére kórtani szerepe a mai napig nem tisztázott teljesen, és gyakran egyéb gyomor-bélrendszeri fertőzést okozó vírussal, főleg kutya-protoparvovírussal (canine parvovirus 2, CPV2) együttesen kerül kimutatásra. Ez utóbbi befolyásolhatja a parvovírus által okozott megbetegedés kórlefolyását, súlyosságát. A kutyacircovírust kedvtelésből tartott kutyák mellett vadon élő állatokból is kimutatták, leggyakrabban vörös rókából (Vulpes vulpes), szürke farkasból (Canis lupus), Norvégiához tartozó Svalbard szigetén élő sarki rókákból (Vulpes lagopus), valamint európai borzból (Meles meles). | The authors in this literature review summarize the most important knowledge about canine circovirus. Circoviruses are small, non-enveloped, highly resistant, circular single-stranded DNA viruses belonging to the family Circoviridae. Circoviruses have been widely detected in pigs, dogs and other carnivores, as well as in various avian and fish species. Among the widely studied porcine circoviruses are porcine circovirus 1 (PCV1), PCV2, PCV3, and the recently described PCV4. PCV2 was first identified in Canada in the early 1990s. It was first reported in Hungary in 1999. Diseases caused by PCV2 include PCV2 systemic disease (formerely known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome), PCV2 reproductive disease, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome and also subclinical infection. The canine circovirus was first identified in the United States in 2012. Later the presence of the virus was described worldwide, both in healthy dogs and dogs showing clinical symptoms. The review also gives insights into the clinical signs caused by canine circovirus. If the infection is detected in clinically ill animals, the clinical signs mostly include gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and vomiting. Its pathological role, however, has yet to be fully clarified to date, and it is often detected together with other gastrointestinal viruses, especially canine protoparvovirus (canine parvovirus 2, CPV2), and furthermore canine herpesvirus, canine distemper virus, canine coronavirus and more rarely with viruses that cause respiratory diseases such as canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenovirus. Canine circovirus infection may influence the prognosis and severity of parvovirus disease. Not least, the present review includes essential information about canine circovirus infection in wild carnivores based on the latest literature data. Canine circovirus has also been detected in wild animals, mostly in red foxes (Vuples vulpes), gray wolves (Canis lupus), arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) living on the Norwegian island of Svalbard, and European badgers (Meles meles)

Bacteriological and antibiotic susceptibility testing of endoscopic canine respiratory samples

SUMMARY Background: A number of infective and non-infective causes may be responsible for the inflammation of the upper and lower airways. Bacterial airway infections can be identified by microbiologic and cytologic findings, but the definitive diagnosis is complicated by the contaminating flora of the airways which are in direct contact with the environment. Objectives: The aim of our retrospective study was to evaluate the bacteriological results and antibiotic susceptibility of the cultured bacteria strains of airway samples of 367 dogs that was referred to University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Hungary between 2008 and 2013 with respiratory problems. Materials and methods: Samples were collected from 367 dogs (223 male, 144 female, age 2 months-17 years, mean age 6.5 years). Nasal swabs (120) were taken from the nasal cavity, while lavage samples were taken from the trachea (55) and bronchi (192) under general anaesthesia by flexible or rigid endoscope. The samples underwent bacteriologic testing and antibiotic susceptibility examination. Results and discussion: From the nasal cavity the most common isolate was Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (29.17%) followed by ß-haemolytic Streptococcus (16.67%), and Staphylococcus aureus (15.82%). From the trachea lavage the results were Coliforms (23.64%), Bordetella bronchiseptica (16.36%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.09%) in order of frequency. In bronchoalveolar samples Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in the biggest number (15.10%), which was followed by Coliform bacteria (13.01%), and Bordetella bronchiseptica (11.98%). The study highlights the difficulties of the microbiological evaluation of respiratory samples, the significance of professional experience and clinical considerations, and the pitfalls of automatic evaluation of microbiological results. To our knowledge the present study is the first microbiological evaluation of canine airway samples in Hungary along with the antimicrobial susceptibility data

Kutya bélrendszeri megbetegedéseinek in vitro modellezési lehetőségei : Irodalmi összefoglaló = Possibilities of in vitro modeling of Intestinal Diseases in Dogs : Literature Review

A gyomor-bélrendszer jelentős felülettel érintkezik a szájon át a szervezetbe jutó káros ágensekkel, és összetett funkciója révén jelentős szerepet játszik a kórokozó mikroorganizmusok távoltartásában. A gyulladásos bélbetegségek kutatása és terápiás lehetőségeinek vizsgálata tekintetében elengedhetetlen az in vitro modellek alkalmazása. A szerzők irodalmi összefoglalójukban bemutatják a kutyák bélbetegségeinek tanulmányozására kifejlesztett in vitro modelleket. A homogén, kétdimenziós, fenntartható daganatos eredetű sejtvonalak mellett megjelentek olyan heterogén sejtösszetételű háromdimenziós organoidtenyészetek is, amikkel az in vivo körülmények jobban modellezhetővé váltak. The gastrointestinal tract has a large surface area in contact with harmful agents that enter the body through the oral route, and through its complex function, it plays a significant role in keeping pathogenic microorganisms and other hazardous compounds away. Almost every fifth dog is affected by some form of enteropathies. Intestinal diseases can be divided into acute and chronic forms. In order to establish the exact diagnosis, various additional tests, including faecal examination, abdominal ultrasound, gastroscopy, and histopathological examination may be indispensable. Often not only the diagnosis, but also the treatment is very complex and complicated. The use of in vitro models is essential for a more precise understanding of the cause of inflammatory bowel diseases and for examining its therapeutic possibilities. Several in vitro models have become widely used to study intestinal diseases in dogs. In addition to the homogeneous two-dimensional sustainable cell lines of tumour origin, such as the Caco-2 and HT-29 colon carcinoma cell lines, which are very popular for permeability studies, three-dimensional organoid cultures with a heterogeneous cell composition have also appeared, which allow improved modelling of in vivo conditions. From the results of in vitro intestinal research studies in dogs, root causes of diseases can be better understood, and new therapeutic options can be revealed, which can ensure more successful treatment and a better quality of life for our canine patients. From the results, relevant conclusions can be drawn for human medicine, based on the similarity of the environment and nutrition of dogs and humans, of the structure of the intestinal system, and the composition of the microbiota, and of intestinal diseases