Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020.

Following its emergence in late 2019, the spread of SARS-CoV-21,2 has been tracked by phylogenetic analysis of viral genome sequences in unprecedented detail3–5. Although the virus spread globally in early 2020 before borders closed, intercontinental travel has since been greatly reduced. However, travel within Europe resumed in the summer of 2020. Here we report on a SARS-CoV-2 variant, 20E (EU1), that was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and subsequently spread across Europe. We find no evidence that this variant has increased transmissibility, but instead demonstrate how rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment may explain the variant’s success. Despite travel restrictions, we estimate that 20E (EU1) was introduced hundreds of times to European countries by summertime travellers, which is likely to have undermined local efforts to minimize infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our results illustrate how a variant can rapidly become dominant even in the absence of a substantial transmission advantage in favourable epidemiological settings. Genomic surveillance is critical for understanding how travel can affect transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and thus for informing future containment strategies as travel resumes. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited

Evolución de los principales diagnósticos al alta hospitalaria de la población penitenciaria de la provincia de Valencia, 2000-2009 Evolution of the main diagnoses of hospital discharges amongst the prison population in Valencia, 2000-2009

El objetivo de nuestro trabajo ha sido cuantificar la demanda hospitalaria de origen penitenciario y caracterizar los principales diagnósticos como una medida de prevalencia y las patologías transmisibles y su evolución durante el periodo 2000-09. A partir del registro de altas del Consorcio Hospital General Universitario que atiende por convenio la demanda hospitalaria de los centros penitenciarios de Valencia provincia, se realizo un estudio transversal de las frecuencias de los diagnósticos y su distribución de acuerdo a las características personales. Se recuperaron 2.415 altas que tras la eliminación de inconsistencias aportaron 2.332 episodios de hospitalización. La edad media de los sujetos evolucionó desde 32,8 a 39,7 años. Los diagnósticos principales y secundarios agrupados (tabla 2) más frecuentes fueron: 1º. VIH (34,05%), 2º. Hepatitis C (14,67%), 3º. Dependencia Drogas (10,25%), 4º. Neumonías (8,58%), 5º. TBC (7,46%). A lo largo de la década se ha producido un cambio en el patrón infeccioso de la población penitenciaria que podemos considerar relacionado con: el envejecimiento relativo de la población reclusa, la sustitución de la vía intravenosa por otras vías no invasivas, el cambio relativo del origen nacional de los reclusos y los avances terapéuticos en el tratamiento de la infección por VIH.<br>The aim of our study was to quantify the hospital demand originating from prisons and describe the main diagnoses as a measure of prevalence, as well as communicable diseases and their evolution during the period 2000-09. Using the discharge records of the University General Hospital under the terms of an agreement that meets the demand for hospitals from prisons in the province of Valencia, we carried out a cross-sectional study of the frequency distribution of diagnoses and their distribution according to personal characteristics. More than 2,415 discharges were recovered, which, after the removal of inconsistencies, provided 2,332 episodes of hospitalization. The average age of the subject ranged from 32.8 to 39.5 years. The most common grouped primary and secondary diagnoses (table 2) were: 1. HIV (34.05%), 2. Hepatitis C (14.67%), 3 º. Drug dependence (10.25%), 4 º. Pneumonia (8.58%), 5. TBC (7.46%). In the last decade there has been a change in the patterns of infection in the prison population. This may be related to: the relative aging of the prison population, the replacement of intravenous use by other non-invasive means, the change of nationality of prisoners and therapeutic advances in the treatment of HIV infection