Solar array thermal snap and the characteristics of its effect on UARS

The single solar array on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) is subjected to a thermal distortion when the spacecraft enters and exits the Earth's shadow. The distortion results in a torque that alters the spacecraft attitude. Due to the sudden nature of the attitude discontinuity, the effect has been termed 'thermal snap'. Thermal snap has also been experienced by Landsats 4 and 5. Analyses by the spacecraft builder addressed the impact of the resultant torque on the onboard control system. This paper discusses the results of comparisons between the predicted effects of thermal snap on UARS and actual attitude solutions from UARS telemetry data. In addition, this paper describes the characteristics of the thermal snap on UARS in terms of maximum displacement, solar beta angle, and solar array drive angle. Comparisons are made between the actual times of thermal snaps and the predicted spacecraft sunrise and sunset times. The effects of the UARS thermal snap are summarized and a general comment is made relating possible effects of thermal snap on other satellites. Also, an analysis of UARS attitude solutions that span periods of thermal snap was performed to determine whether the gyro sampling time of 1/8 second is sufficient to properly model the resulting spacecraft attitude without compromising the accuracy requirements. The results of this analysis are discussed

Augustine, Aquinas, and Asimov: How traditional Christian thought applies in the creation of artificial moral agents

Messiah College faculty scholarship papers : submitted by faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for promotion to the rank of professo

Social Science and Literary Criticism: What is at stake?

As the variety of methods used by biblical scholars multiplies, new sub-disciplines are being born that all too often leave specialists isolated from each other. While at some points the various methods complement each other, at others they remain contradictory or mutually exclusive. Two of the newer such methods, literary criticism and social-science criticism, have until now re mained in isolation. In recent months, however, a dialogue has begun to emerge that seeks to explore the common ground or lack thereof between these two methods. This article is a beginning reflection by a social-science critic on some of the issues involved.

Racial And Sex Disparities In Adult Reconstructive Airway Surgery Outcomes: An Acs Nsqip Analysis

Racial and Sex Disparities in Adult Reconstructive Airway Surgery Outcomes: An ACS NSQIP Analysis Tagan Rohrbaugh and Nikita Kohli. Department of Otolaryngology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Previous studies demonstrated postoperative adverse events associated with pediatric airway reconstruction surgery using the National Surgery Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (NSQIP-P) database. However, postoperative adverse events using the NSQIP database has not yet been described in adults. This study uses the NSQIP database to examine postoperative complications of airway reconstruction surgery in the setting of racial and sex disparities. Current procedural terminology (CPT) codes were used to identify 260 patients 18 years or older who underwent airway reconstruction from the 2005 to 2020 NSQIP public use files (PUF). Targeted independent variables included sex and race, and dependent variables were 30-day postoperative complications. Event rates were compared within subgroups. Chi-square tests were used to determine differences in comorbidities between race groups. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine difference in comorbidities between sex groups and white and black/African American groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for age, BMI, probability of morbidity and probability of mortality to determine statistical significance between race groups and sex groups. Linear regression analysis was used to identify significant factors for adverse events within race groups and within sex groups, controlling for age and BMI. Patients who identified as black/African American were significantly more likely to have several comorbidities when compared to white patients. Black/African American race was related to increased morbidity probability (P = 0.02), diabetes (P = 0.043), smoking status within 1 year (P = 0.008), and hypertension (P = 0.01). However, black/African American race was not associated with any surgical complications following airway reconstruction surgery. Sex for patients in this dataset was classified as either male or female. Comparison of sex revealed no significant difference in post-operative complications following airway reconstruction surgery. While African American race is an identifiable risk factor in several comorbidities, race is not significant when comparing post-operative complications. Additionally, sex does not contribute significantly to post-operative complications. Findings imply that while racial disparities are present in other surgical outcomes, they are absent in adult airway reconstruction surgery. Likewise, sex disparities are not present in airway reconstruction surgery outcomes

A new technique for modeling the geomorphology of a slow moving, soft-slope landslide using terrestrial LiDAR

Soft slope movement is a big problem whether it involves an engineered slope, one that is near infrastructure, or both. Active landslides that fail slowly sometimes allow ample time to affect remedial works. In order to plan effective remedial works, there needs to be a model of the entire geometry of the slide. This thesis describes a new approach to evaluate the morphology of slope geometry using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data obtained from simple targets strategically positioned on a slide body. The data was gathered in three-month intervals over a period of one year to allow enough time for any movement. Each scan produced tens of millions of points allowing a very detailed image to be used for processing. Proprietary research code was developed at Missouri University of Science and Technology to manipulate LiDAR point-cloud data and further modified to interpret the data gathered for this thesis. The code uses a mesh system that the scan data is transformed to match. The mesh system is nothing more than a grid onto which the data is projected and it allows the follow-up programs to reference specific cells easier. A minor amount of movement was detected over the course of a year and was consistent with what is expected for this type of landslide given the weather conditions for the year it was monitored. Furthermore, the calculated displacement is reasonably comparable to what was observed during ground-truthing. This process can be further enhanced to be useful in real-time monitoring of landslide hazard zones and allow for better mitigation (and less litigation) in the future. A detailed set of instructions are included in case this research should need to be reproduced or investigated further. --Abstract, page iii

Hermeneutics as cross-cultural encounter: Obstacles to understanding

It is a curious fact that while most people intuitively understand the potential for misunderstanding in face-to-face cross-cultural conversations, no such difficulty is anticipated when reading cross-culturally. Thus Westerners automatically assume they can read the Bible without taking account of its origins in an ancient Mediterranean culture that was sharply different to anything in the modern West. This article will describe the problem and then explore six major obstacles to cross-cultural communication (written as well as oral) that play a role in Western attempts to read a Mediterranean Bible. While a number of other significant obstacles could be cited, those addressed will suffice to make the point that it is time for Western scholars to acknowledge that the peculiarities of our cognitive style, language and mode of communication create disconnects with biblical texts of which we have simply not been aware

Conductor\u27s Study Guides / Advanced Conducting Project

Contents include: Suite Francaise Prelude,Siciliano and Rondo On A Hymnsong of Philip Bliss Chorale Prelude: Be Thou My Vision Sedon