Oral and parenteral immunization for the control of Vibrio anguillarum, the etiological agent of vibriosis in salmonid fish

Efficacious vaccines were developed for the control of Vibrio anguillarum, the etiological agent of vibriosis in salmonid fish. These bacterins can be administered either orally or parenterally. It was determined that both formalin-killed lyophilized whole cells and wet-packed whole cells of the organism are effective oral immunogens. Intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 ml containing 2 X 10⁸ formalinkilled bacterial cells suspended in saline and mixed with Freund complete adjuvant is capable of providing protection to fish exposed to natural challenge with V. anguillarum. Oral vaccines prepared from organisms isolated from salmonids in the Pacific Northwest offered greater immunity than bacterins made from European strains when fish receiving them were challenged at Lint Slough, Waldport, Oregon. Several parameters under which the oral vaccine can be effectively used were examined. These investigations revealed that protection is provided to fish vaccinated for 15 days with a ration containing 0.5 mg of the wet whole cell vaccine per gram. Increasing the number of days the vaccine was fed to as many as 45 days did not increase the degree of resistance in immunized fish. Decreased mortality was also not observed in groups of fish fed a diet containing higher concentrations of vaccine. These studies demonstrated that oral immunization of fish can be successfully accomplished at water temperatures ranging from 4 to 21 C. Although agglutinating antibody could not be detected in the serum of orally immunized animals, there is an indication that bactericidal antibodies are formed. Fish parenterally vaccinated produced agglutinating as well as bactericidal antibodies

Ethyl [(2-hydroxy­phen­yl)(pyridinium-2-ylamino)meth­yl]phospho­nate methanol solvate

In the title compound, C14H17N2O4P·CH3OH, the planes of the pyridinium-2-ylamino and 2-hydroxy­phenyl groups form a dihedral angle of 75.6 (1)°, with the pyridinium NH group and the 2-hydroxy­phenyl OH group pointing in opposite directions. Three intra­molecular hydrogen bonds are observed. Two phospho­nate and two methanol mol­ecules are connected by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds as a centrosymmetric dimeric cluster, and inter­act further with other dimeric clusters via N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions, resulting in a sheet structure

5,5,7,12,14,14-Hexamethyl-1,8-diaza-4,11-diazo­niacyclo­tetra­deca-4,11-diene dichloride trihydrate

In the title compound, C16H34N4 2+·2Cl−·3H2O, the two protonated N atoms in the macrocyclic ring of the dication are located at diagonally opposite positions. There are two intramolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds in the cation. The crystal structure features O—H⋯Cl, O—H⋯O, C—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds

Cave deposits as a sedimentary trap for the Marine Isotope Stage 3 environmental record: The case study of Pod Hradem, Czech Republic

Pod Hradem Cave, located in the Moravian Karst, Czech Republic, offers an excellent opportunity for environmental reconstructions of Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) in Central Europe due to its detailed sedimentary record dated 50,000 to 28,000 cal BP. Identifying the natural environments of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic (MUP) transition is necessary to understand the settlement strategies and related behaviour of both Neanderthals and Anatomically Modern Humans, both of whom may have occupied the region at the same time. A multidisciplinary excavation was carried out between 2011 and 2016. Detailed analyses of the sediments, vertebrate microfauna, pollen and charcoal revealed minor but observable fluctuations in climate, with little change in the surrounding vegetation. The Pod Hradem palaeoenvironmental dataset is complex, but generally reflects a predominantly glacial climate with a range of vegetation types and habitats during the Late Pleistocene, followed by the warmer and more humid Holocene. The MUP transition as recorded in Pod Hradem Cave was a glacial environment interrupted by two relatively warmer periods. Central Europe experienced extreme climate fluctuations during MIS3, as recorded from different sedimentary archives, but it seems that the Pod Hradem Cave environment may have acted as a buffer zone, ameliorating those extremes, and providing a suitable refuge for both bears seeking winter hibernation dens and occasionally visiting humans.Thisproject was funded from the SoMoPro programme. Research leading tothese results has received a financial contribution from the EuropeanCommunity within the Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007–2013) under Grant Agreement No. 229603. The research was alsoco-financed by the South Moravian Region and the Department ofAnthropology & Department of Geological Sciences (departmentalfunding - Masaryk University) and the internal programme of theInstitute of Geology CAS in Prague No. RVO 67985831

Mercury deposition/accumulation rates in the vicinity of a lead smelter as recorded by a peat deposit

. Recent findings show that Hg records from peat tend to overestimate historical levels of Hg deposition. Therefore we used the mass loss compensation factor (MLCF) to normalize Hg accumulation rates. These corrected Hg accumulation rates were significantly lower (maximum 129 mg m À2 yr À1 ) and better corresponded to changes in historical smelter emissions, which were highest in the 1960s. The agreement between the corrected Hg accumulation rates in the uppermost peat sections (2-38 mg m À2 yr À1 ) and biomonitoring of atmospheric deposition by mosses in several recent years (4.7-34.4 mg m À2 yr À1 ) shows the usefulness of MLCF application on Hg accumulation in peat archives. However, the MLCF correction was unsuitable for Pb. The recent Pb deposition rates obtained by an independent biomonitoring study using mosses (0.5-127 mg m À2 yr À1 ) were better correlated with net Pb accumulation rates recorded in peat (7-145 mg m À2 yr À1 ) than with corrected rates obtained by the MLCF approach (1-28 mg m À2 yr À1 )

Incorporation of Cobalt-Cyclen Complexes into Templated Nanogels Results in Enhanced Activity

European Commission. Grant Numbers: MCRTN-2006-033873, MCIAPP-2009-25130

Climate-forced Hg-remobilization associated with fern mutagenesis in the aftermath of the end-Triassic extinction

The long-term effects of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, a large igneous province connected to the end-Triassic mass-extinction (201.5 Ma), remain largely elusive. Here, we document the persistence of volcanic-induced mercury (Hg) pollution and its effects on the biosphere for ~1.3 million years after the extinction event. In sediments recovered in Germany (Schandelah-1 core), we record not only high abundances of malformed fern spores at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, but also during the lower Jurassic Hettangian, indicating repeated vegetation disturbance and stress that was eccentricity-forced. Crucially, these abundances correspond to increases in sedimentary Hg-concentrations. Hg-isotope ratios (δ202Hg, Δ199Hg) suggest a volcanic source of Hg-enrichment at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary but a terrestrial source for the early Jurassic peaks. We conclude that volcanically injected Hg across the extinction was repeatedly remobilized from coastal wetlands and hinterland areas during eccentricity-forced phases of severe hydrological upheaval and erosion, focusing Hg-pollution in the Central European Basin

Priprava a studium komplexu azamakrocyklickych fosfinovych kyselin s lanthanoidy.

Available from STL, Prague, CZ / NTK - National Technical LibrarySIGLECZCzech Republi