Scrambling in Ising spin systems with constant and periodic transverse magnetic fields

Scrambling of quantum information in both integrable and nonintegrable systems, including the transverse field Ising model (TFIM) and Floquet spin systems are studied. Our study employs tripartite mutual information (TMI), with negative TMI serving as an indicator of scrambling, where a more negative value suggests a higher degree of scrambling. In the integrable and nonintegrable TFIM, we observe pronounced scrambling behavior, with the initial growth following a power-law pattern. However, nonintegrable TFIM exhibits a higher degree of scrambling compared to the integrable version. In the Floquet system, TMI is studied across periods from $0$ to $\pi/2$. Both integrable and nonintegrable Floquet systems display scrambling behavior across all periods, except at $\tau=\pi/4$, featuring power-law growth for small periods and abrupt jumps for larger ones. Nonintegrable Floquet systems exhibit more pronounced scrambling compared to integrable ones across all periods. The degree of scrambling increases as we move towards $\tau = \pi/4$, reaching its peak near $\tau = \pi/4$ (but not at $\tau = \pi/4$), regardless of the initial states. TMI saturation fluctuates less in the Floquet system in comparison to the TFIM. The growth of scrambling in the Floquet system mirrors TFIM for small periods but exhibits notably faster growth for larger periods. For a small period, the degree of scrambling in a Floquet system is comparable to that in the TFIM, but it becomes significantly greater for larger periods.Comment: 11 pages, 49 figure

Out-of-time-order correlation and detection of phase structure in Floquet transverse Ising spin system

We study the out-of-time-order correlation (OTOC) of the Floquet transverse Ising model and use it to verify the phase diagram of the system. First, we present the exact analytical solution of the transverse magnetization OTOC using the Jorden-Wigner transformation. In order to get the phase structure of the Floquet transverse Ising system, we use the longitudinal magnetization OTOC as it is known to serve as an order parameter of the system. We show the phase structure numerically in the transverse Ising Floquet system by using the long time average of the longitudinal magnetization OTOC. In both the open and the closed chain systems, we find distinct phases out of which two are paramagnetic (0-paramagnetic and $\pi$-paramagnetic), and two are ferromagnetic (0-ferromagnetic and $\pi$-ferromagnetic) as defined in the literature.Comment: 9 Pages, 7 Figure

Broad spectrum antimycotic plant as a potential source of therapeutic agent

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial evaluation of the essential oil(s) of some spp. of Curcuma viz., Curcuma angustifolia, C. aromatica, C. domestica and C. zedoaria -were screened against three common dermatophytic fungi causing ringworm infection in human beings. The essential oil of Curcuma domestica Valet. (Family-Zingiberaceae) was found strongest toxicant against the test fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the oil was 1.6µl/ml against Epidermophyton floccosum and 1.4µl/ml against Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton rubrum; however, it was fungicidal at 1.6 µl/ml against M. gypseum and T. rubrum, and 2.0 µl/ml against E. floccosum, respectively. The efficacy contains heavy doses of inoculums (25 discs of 5 mm each). The (MKT) of the oil was 30 sec against E. floccosum & Microsporum gypseum and 20 sec against T. rubrum, while, its MFCs required 6.30 hrs against E. floccosum & Microsporum gypseum and 5.30 hr against T. rubrum. The oils efficacy was thermo stable up to 80 0 C and for 36 months of storage, the maximum unit taken into consideration. Moreover, the oil of C. domestica did not exhibit any adverse effect on mammalian skin up to 5% conc. The clinical trial of the oil in the form of ointment (at 1% V/V conc.) to topical testing on patients, attending outpatient department (OPD) of MLN Medical College, Allahabad is still in progress

Immune associated LncRNAs identify novel prognostic subtypes of renal clear cell carcinoma

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148402/1/mc22949_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148402/2/mc22949.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148402/3/mc22949-sup-0001-SuppData-S1.pd

Inhibiting Bacterial Drug Efflux Pumps via Phyto-Therapeutics to Combat Threatening Antimicrobial Resistance

Antibiotics, once considered the lifeline for treating bacterial infections, are under threat due to the emergence of threatening antimicrobial resistance (AMR). These drug-resistant microbes (or superbugs) are non-responsive to most of the commonly used antibiotics leaving us with few treatment options and escalating mortality-rates and treatment costs. The problem is further aggravated by the drying-pipeline of new and potent antibiotics effective particularly against the drug-resistant strains. Multidrug efflux pumps (EPs) are established as principal determinants of AMR, extruding multiple antibiotics out of the cell, mostly in non-specific manner and have therefore emerged as potent drug-targets for combating AMR. Plants being the reservoir of bioactive compounds can serve as a source of potent EP inhibitors (EPIs). The phyto-therapeutics with noteworthy drug-resistance-reversal or re-sensitizing activities may prove significant for reviving the otherwise fading antibiotics arsenal and making this combination-therapy effective. Contemporary attempts to potentiate the antibiotics with plant extracts and pure phytomolecules have gained momentum though with relatively less success against Gram-negative bacteria. Plant-based EPIs hold promise as potent drug-leads to combat the EPI-mediated AMR. This review presents an account of major bacterial multidrug EPs, their roles in imparting AMR, effective strategies for inhibiting drug EPs with phytomolecules, and current account of research on developing novel and potent plant-based EPIs for reversing their AMR characteristics. Recent developments including emergence of in silico tools, major success stories, challenges and future prospects are also discussed

Doppler ultrasound scoring to predict chemotherapeutic response in advanced breast cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Doppler ultrasonography (US) is increasingly being utilized as an imaging modality in breast cancer. It is used to study the vascular characteristics of the tumor. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the standard modality of treatment in locally advanced breast cancer. Histological examination remains the gold standard to assess the chemotherapy response. However, based on the color Doppler findings, a new scoring system that could predict histological response following chemotherapy is proposed.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Fifty cases of locally advanced infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast were studied. The mean age of the patients was 44.5 years. All patients underwent clinical, Doppler and histopathological assessment followed by three cycles of CAF (Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin and 5-Fluorouracil) chemotherapy, repeat clinical and Doppler examination and surgery. The resected specimens were examined histopathologically and histological response was correlated with Doppler findings. The Doppler characteristics of the tumor were graded as 1–4 for <25%, 25–50%, >50% and complete disappearance of flow signals respectively. A cumulative score was calculated and compared with histopathological response. Results were analyzed using Chi square test, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The maximum Doppler score according to the proposed scoring system was twelve and minimum three. Higher scores corresponded with a more favorable histopathological response. Twenty four patients had complete response to chemotherapy. Sixteen of these 24 patients (66.7%) had a cumulative Doppler score more than nine. The sensitivity of cumulative score >5 was 91.7% and specificity was 38.5%. The area under the ROC curve of the cumulative score >9 was 0.72.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Doppler scoring can be accurately used to objectively predict the response to chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer and it correlates well with histopathological response.</p

Neurodevelopmental disorders in children aged 2-9 years: Population-based burden estimates across five regions in India.

BACKGROUND: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) compromise the development and attainment of full social and economic potential at individual, family, community, and country levels. Paucity of data on NDDs slows down policy and programmatic action in most developing countries despite perceived high burden. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We assessed 3,964 children (with almost equal number of boys and girls distributed in 2-<6 and 6-9 year age categories) identified from five geographically diverse populations in India using cluster sampling technique (probability proportionate to population size). These were from the North-Central, i.e., Palwal (N = 998; all rural, 16.4% non-Hindu, 25.3% from scheduled caste/tribe [SC-ST] [these are considered underserved communities who are eligible for affirmative action]); North, i.e., Kangra (N = 997; 91.6% rural, 3.7% non-Hindu, 25.3% SC-ST); East, i.e., Dhenkanal (N = 981; 89.8% rural, 1.2% non-Hindu, 38.0% SC-ST); South, i.e., Hyderabad (N = 495; all urban, 25.7% non-Hindu, 27.3% SC-ST) and West, i.e., North Goa (N = 493; 68.0% rural, 11.4% non-Hindu, 18.5% SC-ST). All children were assessed for vision impairment (VI), epilepsy (Epi), neuromotor impairments including cerebral palsy (NMI-CP), hearing impairment (HI), speech and language disorders, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and intellectual disability (ID). Furthermore, 6-9-year-old children were also assessed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disorders (LDs). We standardized sample characteristics as per Census of India 2011 to arrive at district level and all-sites-pooled estimates. Site-specific prevalence of any of seven NDDs in 2-<6 year olds ranged from 2.9% (95% CI 1.6-5.5) to 18.7% (95% CI 14.7-23.6), and for any of nine NDDs in the 6-9-year-old children, from 6.5% (95% CI 4.6-9.1) to 18.5% (95% CI 15.3-22.3). Two or more NDDs were present in 0.4% (95% CI 0.1-1.7) to 4.3% (95% CI 2.2-8.2) in the younger age category and 0.7% (95% CI 0.2-2.0) to 5.3% (95% CI 3.3-8.2) in the older age category. All-site-pooled estimates for NDDs were 9.2% (95% CI 7.5-11.2) and 13.6% (95% CI 11.3-16.2) in children of 2-<6 and 6-9 year age categories, respectively, without significant difference according to gender, rural/urban residence, or religion; almost one-fifth of these children had more than one NDD. The pooled estimates for prevalence increased by up to three percentage points when these were adjusted for national rates of stunting or low birth weight (LBW). HI, ID, speech and language disorders, Epi, and LDs were the common NDDs across sites. Upon risk modelling, noninstitutional delivery, history of perinatal asphyxia, neonatal illness, postnatal neurological/brain infections, stunting, LBW/prematurity, and older age category (6-9 year) were significantly associated with NDDs. The study sample was underrepresentative of stunting and LBW and had a 15.6% refusal. These factors could be contributing to underestimation of the true NDD burden in our population. CONCLUSIONS: The study identifies NDDs in children aged 2-9 years as a significant public health burden for India. HI was higher than and ASD prevalence comparable to the published global literature. Most risk factors of NDDs were modifiable and amenable to public health interventions

Impact of Front Line Demonstration on Yield and Economics of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) in Mamit District of Mizoram

The goal of the current study was to determine the yield gap on the tomato crop using FLDS. During the Rabi seasons 2019–20 and 2020–21, the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mamit District, held frontline demonstrations in various parts of the district. With the aim of advancing technology for increased tomato production potential, 30 farmers were chosen to participate in front-line demonstrations of tomato production on 15 hectares. The use of the high-yielding tomato variety Arka Samrat, the application of fertiliser and manures based on a report from a soil test, integrated pest and disease management, etc. are some examples of the improved technology. Prior to and following the frontline demonstration, the respondents' basic information was gathered through personal interviews using a well-structured interview questions. Data on output was gathered from FLDs and local plots regarding the yield and economic performance of frontline demonstrations. Finally, the total yield, percentage increase in the yield, extension gap, technology gap, technology index, and cost of cultivation, as well as net returns and benefit cost ratio, were calculated. The demonstration's outcomes demonstrated that farmers may significantly boost tomato yield by switching to a better variety and implementing sound farming methods. The findings from the current study showed that the mean yield, which ranged from 434 to 452 q/ha, was 443 q/ha. The yield increased by 15.89 percentage points over the farmer's usual practise. The extension gap and technology gap, with a technology index of 80.66% over the demonstration years, ranged from 55.0 to 66.0 and 348 to 366 q/ha, respectively. In addition, compared to the farmer's practise, the displayed plots provided a higher gross return, net return, and benefit-cost ratio