Detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus from various samples in a tertiary care hospital

Background: The increasing frequency of MRSA infections and rapidly changing patterns in antimicrobial resistance, led to renewed interest in the usage of Macrolides-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics to treat Staphylococcus aureus infection. Clindamycin is an important drug used in the treatment of MRSA and MSSA infection. The aim of this study was to determine inducible and constitutive clindamycin resistance among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by D-test.Methods: During a period of 6 months from July 2018 to December 2018, a total of 100 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different clinical samples were subjected to routine antibiotic sensitivity testing by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Methicillin-resistance was determined by using the cefoxitin (30 µg) disc. Incidence of MLSBc and MLSBi in Staphylococcus aureus isolates by D-test as per CLSI guidelines.Results: Out of 100 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from 350 clinical samples, 70(70%) were found to be MRSA and 30(30%) were MSSA. Among 100 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 40% isolates showed MLSBi resistance, 28% isolates showed MLSBc resistance, 6% isolates showed MS phenotype and 26% isolates showed Sensitive phenotype. MLSBc and MLSBi were found to be higher in MRSA as compared to MSSA (21%, 27% and 7%, 10% respectively). All clinical isolates showed 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin and Linezolid in routine antibiotic susceptibility testing.Conclusions: Continuous surveillance of the MLSB resistance is important and required before the prescription of clindamycin to treat MRSA infections

Out-of-time-order correlation and detection of phase structure in Floquet transverse Ising spin system

We study the out-of-time-order correlation (OTOC) of the Floquet transverse Ising model and use it to verify the phase diagram of the system. First, we present the exact analytical solution of the transverse magnetization OTOC using the Jorden-Wigner transformation. In order to get the phase structure of the Floquet transverse Ising system, we use the longitudinal magnetization OTOC as it is known to serve as an order parameter of the system. We show the phase structure numerically in the transverse Ising Floquet system by using the long time average of the longitudinal magnetization OTOC. In both the open and the closed chain systems, we find distinct phases out of which two are paramagnetic (0-paramagnetic and $\pi$-paramagnetic), and two are ferromagnetic (0-ferromagnetic and $\pi$-ferromagnetic) as defined in the literature.Comment: 9 Pages, 7 Figure

Circadian rhythm disruption and Alzheimer’s disease: The dynamics of a vicious cycle

All mammalian cells exhibit circadian rhythm in cellular metabolism and energetics. Autonomous cellular clocks are modulated by various pathways that are essential for robust time keeping. In addition to the canonical transcriptional translational feedback loop, several new pathways of circadian timekeeping - non-transcriptional oscillations, post-translational modifications, epigenetics and cellular signaling in the circadian clock - have been identified. The physiology of circadian rhythm is expansive, and its link to the neurodegeneration is multifactorial. Circadian rhythm disruption is prevelant in contamporary society where light-noise, shift-work, and transmeridian travel are commonplace, and is also reported from the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Circadian alignment by bright light therapy in conjunction with chronobiotics is beneficial for treating sundowning syndrome and other cognitive symptoms in advanced AD patients. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the clinical and translational reports to review the physiology of the circadian clock, delineate its dysfunction in AD, and unravel the dynamics of the vicious cycle between two pathologies. The review delineates the role of putative targets like clock proteins PER, CLOCK, BMAL1, ROR, and clock-controlled proteins like AVP, SIRT1, FOXO, and PK2 towards future approaches for management of AD. Furthermore, the role of circadian rhythm disruption in aging is delineated

Effect of dietary supplementation of rice dried distillers grains (rDDGS) on blood profile in Barbari goats

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of feeding different levels of rice dried distiller grains (rDDGS) on haemato-biochemical profile of Barbari goats. Twenty-four Barbari goats of 1-2 years of age were randomly divided into four groups (Control, T1, T2 and T3) having six animals in each group. Barbari goats in control group were fed with basal diet comprising of wheat straw, chaffed green maize fodder and compounded concentrate mixture in a ratio of 20:30:50. The animals in T1, T2 and T3 groups were fed with basal diet supplemented with 10, 20 and 30% of rDDGS on dry matter basis, respectively for the period of 90 days. Results revealed no significant differences on blood profile except WBC (×103/µl), neutrophil (%) and lymphocytes (%) in the groups supplemented with rDDGS. Total protein was found highly significant in T2 group followed by T1 and T3 groups. Total immunoglobulin, catalase, TBARS and ALT in rDDGS supplemented groups were also found significantly different. It was concluded that rDDGS can be incorporated in Barbari goat ration up to level of 20% without having any detrimental effect on health of goats

The International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INPST) and the power of Twitter networking exemplified through #INPST hashtag analysis

Background: The development of digital technologies and the evolution of open innovation approaches have enabled the creation of diverse virtual organizations and enterprises coordinating their activities primarily online. The open innovation platform titled "International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce" (INPST) was established in 2018, to bring together in collaborative environment individuals and organizations interested in natural product scientific research, and to empower their interactions by using digital communication tools. Methods: In this work, we present a general overview of INPST activities and showcase the specific use of Twitter as a powerful networking tool that was used to host a one-week "2021 INPST Twitter Networking Event" (spanning from 31st May 2021 to 6th June 2021) based on the application of the Twitter hashtag #INPST. Results and Conclusion: The use of this hashtag during the networking event period was analyzed with Symplur Signals (https://www.symplur.com/), revealing a total of 6,036 tweets, shared by 686 users, which generated a total of 65,004,773 impressions (views of the respective tweets). This networking event's achieved high visibility and participation rate showcases a convincing example of how this social media platform can be used as a highly effective tool to host virtual Twitter-based international biomedical research events