The control of recovery process with clove tree (Eugenia caryophyllata) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

In order to investigate the effect of different temperature of anesthetic (clove tree) and recover (anesthetic-free water) solutions on recovery process, The anesthetic induction times and recovery times of 540 fingerlings of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing 3.2 ± 0.2 g in anesthesia/ recovery solutions with cross-combined of temperature of 5,11 and 17 °C as experimental treatments (9 treatments) were compared. The anesthesia was induced by170 ppm of aqueous clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) solution. Results showed that both induction and recovery times were adversely temperature-dependent. Recovery times of treatments, related to temperature of anesthetic solutions and their temperature, were significantly different (P < 0.05). Our results indicated that mean recovery time (three temperature treatments) of the fish exposed to the lower temperature anesthetic solutions generally decreased opposing with higher anesthetic solutions. The lowest recovery time (61±11.1 seconds) in17°C anesthetic-free water occurred in fishes induced to 5°C anesthetic solution. In contrast, the highest recovery time (523±154 seconds) in 5°C water happened in fishes induced to 17°C anesthetic solution. Warm and cold thermal difference in anesthetic and recover solutions could extend recovery time 1 up to 8 minutes. Regarding to aim and demanded time, by selected favorite temperatures can control anesthesia/or recovery time in order to prevent the use of drug over-dosing

Physical and dosimetric aspect of euromechanics add-on multileaf collimator on varian clinac 2100 C/D

Background: Before treatment planning and dose delivery, quality assurance of multi-leaf collimator (MLC) has an important role in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) due to the creation of multiple segments from optimization process. Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the quality control of MLC leaves using EBT3 Gafchromic films. Material and Methods: Leaf Position accuracy and leaf gap reproducibility were checked with Garden fence test. The garden fence test consists of 5 thin bands A) 0.2 Cm width spaced at 2 Cm intervals and B) 1 Cm width spaced at 1 Cm intervals. Each leaf accuracy was analyzed with measuring the full-width half-maximum (FWHM). Maximum and average leaf transmission were measured with gafchromic EBT3 films from Ashland for both 6 MV and 18 MV beams. Results: Leaf positions were found to be in a range between 1.78 � 2.53 mm, instead of nominal 2 mm for the test A and between 9.09 � 10.36 mm, instead of nominal 10 mm for the test B. The Average radiation transmission of the MLC was noted 1.79 and 1.98 of the open 10x10 Cm 2 field at isocenter for 6 MV and 18 MV beams, respectively. Maximum radiation transmission was noted 4.1 and 4.4 for 6 MV and 18 MV beams, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, application of gafchromic EBT3 films for the quality assurance of Euromechanics multileaf collimator was studied. Our results showed that the average leaf leakage and positional accuracy of this type of MLC were in the acceptance level based on the Protocols. © 2019, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Screening for efficient nitrogen sources for overproduction of the biomass of the functionally probiotic L. plantarum strain RPR42 in a cane molasses-based medium

Nitrogen source has a vital role for the efficient growth of lactobacilli. The effects of cheese whey, corn steep liquor, and wheat germ extract on the growth of L. plantarum strain RPR42 in cane molasses-based media was evaluated using various approaches of design of experiments. Our results showed that such protein-rich agricultural by-products significantly increase the biomass production of the strain RPR42 in cane molasses-based media. The most affecting nitrogenous material was cheese whey followed by CSL and the minor effect was reported for wheat germ extract as revealed in factorial and Box�Behnken design experiments. The replacement of costly beef extract and yeast extract with a defined mixtures of the above nitrogenous agricultural by-products in cane molasses-based medium led to production of up to 12.64 g/L/24 h of dry biomass of strain RPR42. A detectable cell density of strain RPR42 (~ 9.81 � 109 CFU/mL 24 h) which was observed in such an economic medium showed that the large-scale production of the strain RPR42 tend to be feasible at significantly low costs. © 2020, The Author(s)

The study on fishing and resource management of bony fisheries within southern Caspian Sea

The project of the Study on fishing and resource management of fisheries within Southern Caspian Sea was conducted on the base of an agreement made between fisheries organization (Shilat) and the Iranian fishery research organization (IFRO) signed in 2010. In this library-based study the current situation of bony fish fisheries and biology of these species has been surveyed in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea . In this survey internal and external environmental factors of bony fishes activities were considered. Using SWOT analysis method, current situation of fisheries was investigated..One of the most important strategies for conserving anadromous species such as Caspian kutum , common carp, roach, bream and …. is rehabilitation of the natural spawning ground in rivers, coastal lagoon specially Anzali lagoon .By conducting this strategy not only restocks of bony fishes is done ,but also reduced the cost of artificial restocking programs and releasing fingerlings .In short term , it is nessesary to enhance the stocks of the species that have low catch is done by huge releasing of the fingerlings and study the qualification of the program

Unlocking the human inner ear for therapeutic intervention

The human inner ear contains minute three-dimensional neurosensory structures that are deeply embedded within the skull base, rendering them relatively inaccessible to regenerative therapies for hearing loss. Here we provide a detailed characterisation of the functional architecture of the space that hosts the cell bodies of the auditory nerve to make them safely accessible for the first time for therapeutic intervention. We used synchrotron phase-contrast imaging which offers the required microscopic soft-tissue contrast definition while simultaneously displaying precise bony anatomic detail. Using volume-rendering software we constructed highly accurate 3-dimensional representations of the inner ear. The cell bodies are arranged in a bony helical canal that spirals from the base of the cochlea to its apex; the canal volume is 1.6 μL but with a diffusion potential of 15 μL. Modelling data from 10 temporal bones enabled definition of a safe trajectory for therapeutic access while preserving the cochlea’s internal architecture. We validated the approach through surgical simulation, anatomical dissection and micro-radiographic analysis. These findings will facilitate future clinical trials of novel therapeutic interventions to restore hearing

CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND REMOVAL OF RATS BY α2-ADRENERGIC ANTAGONIST AND POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER

In the present study, it is shown that in vivo oral administration of glibenclamide (1-10 mg/kg/day), an adenosine triphosphate -sensitive potassium channel blocker, and yohimbine (1-5 mg/kg/day), an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, potently reduced glycemia in male rats. Diazoxide (1-45 mg/kg/day), a potassium channel opener, and clonidine (0.05-0.5 mg/kg/day), an alpha 2- adrenoceptor agonist, antagonized the effects of glibenclamide and yohimbine respectively. Administration of glibenclamide and yohimbine separately decreased the serum glucose levels, so it was expected that coadministration of these two drugs significantly decreased this parameter in fasted animals. It is well known that glibenclamide blocks the potassium channels and it is likely that, yohimbine also blocks these channels, but according to our data, it seems that yohimbine acts via a different binding site to that of glibenclamide. In this research it is also observed that administration of yohimbine and glibenclamide causes death in rats,, it seems that these drugs causes death in the experimental animals by lowering blood glucose level, which were the aim of this study and could be applied as a way to control the environmental health by abolishing rats

Commissioning and quality assurance of Euromechanics add-on multileaf collimator

In this study, the beam characteristics of a Euromechanics add-on MLC that has been installed on a Varian CLINAC 2100 C/D linear accelerator are presented. This was the first installation of 60-leaf PMLC from Euromechanics Company worldwide and all mechanical and dosimetric parameters were measured before clinical use of this kind of MLC. Mechanical tests were executed for different gantry and collimator angles. Leaf position accuracy and leaf gap reproducibility were checked with four different tests. The leaf transmissions, collimator (Sc), phantom (Sp), total (Sc,p) scatter factors, output of the machine, beam profiles for off-axis ratios, central axis depth dose, flatness, symmetry and penumbra have been measured for different field sizes pre and post MLC installation in 6 and 18 MV-mode. To evaluate the effect of new data on clinical plans, different beam setup configurations conformed with MLC and custom blocks were planned on CT images of thorax a CIRS phantom model 002LFC in the same treatment planning system. Leaf position in picket fence test found to be in range between 4.89-5.02 cm instead of nominal 5 cm, however the results of this test with EPIDs image and PIPSpro software showed the higher deviation rather than the results reported from the tests with EBT3 films. The measured data showed that on average Sc,p and Sc were increased 0.22 (P = 0.86) and 0.34 (P = 0.86) for 6 MV and 0.37 (P = 0.84) and 0.42 (P = 0.88) for 18 MV beams for different field sizes, respectively. Good agreement was observed between the PDD and profile curves pre and post MLC installation that was expected based on no changes in beam energy and geometry of the collimators. Based on the mechanical and dosimetry results which have been achieved from our different standard tests, it was found no significant differences between pre and post MLC installation values. This indicates, installation and using this system is clinically acceptable. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd