Вплив глобалізації на модифікацію стратегії соціально-економічного розвитку Бразилії

У статті розкрито характер та напрями модифікації національної стратегії розвитку Бразилії, яка зазнала значних змін унаслідок посилення глобалізації світового господарства. Значну увагу приділено дослідженню особливостей і результатів економічних реформ, які були впроваджені Бразилією з метою побудови ефективної соціально-економічної системи.В статье раскрываются характер и направления модификации национальной стратегии развития Бразилии, которая претерпела значительные изменения вследствие усиления глобализации мирового хозяйства. Значительное внимание уделяется исследованию особенностей и результатов экономических реформ, которые были осуществлены Бразилией с целью построения эффективной социально-экономической системы.This article focuses on the nature and direction of modification of the national strategy of Brazil, which has undergone significant changes due to increasing globalization of world economy. Special attention is paid to analysis of peculiarities and results of economic reforms that were implemented in order to build effective social and economic systems of Brazil

Use of DPP-4 inhibitors and risk of pneumonia in T2DM patients, by cumulative dose and daily dose.

<p>Abbreviations:</p><p>DPP4: dipeptidyl-peptidase-4;</p><p>NIAD: non-insulin anti-diabetic drug;</p><p>IR: incidence rate;</p><p>PY: patient years;</p><p>HR: hazard ratio;</p><p>GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1;</p><p>DDD: defined daily dose;</p><p>cum.: cumulative;.</p><p>^a: Numbers do not add up because data on past NIAD user is not shown</p><p>^b: Adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, BMI, alcohol use; a history of lung cancer, COPD, dementia and stroke; use of glucocorticoids, anticonvulsants, proton pump inhibitors, immunosuppressants (excluding glucocorticoids) and antipsychotics in the previous 6 months, influenza vaccination in the previous year, pneumococcal vaccination in the previous 5 years, <i>Haemophilus influenza</i> vaccination ever before, past use of NIADs and the most recently recorded HbA1c level in the previous year</p><p>^c: Current use: a DPP4I-prescription ≤2 months before, recent use: a DPP4I-prescription 3–8 months before; past use: a DPP4I-prescription >8 months before.</p><p>Use of DPP-4 inhibitors and risk of pneumonia in T2DM patients, by cumulative dose and daily dose.</p

Use of DPP-4 inhibitors and risk of pneumonia in T2DM patients, by sex and age.

<p>Abbreviations:</p><p>NIAD: non-insulin anti-diabetic drug;</p><p>IR: incidence rate;</p><p>HR: hazard ratio;</p><p>DPP4: dipeptidyl-peptidase-4;</p><p>GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1</p><p>^a: Numbers do not add up because data on past NIAD use, current GLP1 agonist and recent/past DPP4I is not shown</p><p>^b: Adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, BMI, alcohol use; a history of lung cancer, COPD, dementia and stroke; use of glucocorticoids, anticonvulsants, proton pump inhibitors, immunosuppressants (excluding glucocorticoids) and antipsychotics in the previous 6 months, influenza vaccination in the previous year, pneumococcal vaccination in the previous 5 years, <i>Haemophilus influenza</i> vaccination ever before, past use of NIADs, use of GLP1 analogues, recent and past use of DPP4Is (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139367#pone.0139367.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>, footnote b) and the most recently recorded HbA1c level in the previous year</p><p>^c: Current use: a DPP4I-prescription ≤2 months before.</p><p>Use of DPP-4 inhibitors and risk of pneumonia in T2DM patients, by sex and age.</p

Baseline characteristics.

<p>Abbreviations:</p><p>NIAD: non-insulin anti-diabetic drugs;</p><p>SD: standard deviation;</p><p>BMI: body mass index;</p><p>HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin;</p><p>COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</p><p>Baseline characteristics.</p