Application of LANDSAT to the Surveillance and Control of Eutrophication in Saginaw Bay

The author has identified the following significant results. LANDSAT digital data and ground truth measurements for Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron), Michigan, for 3 June 1974 can be correlated by stepwise linear regression technique and the resulting equations used to estimate invisible water quality parameters in nonsampled areas. Correlation of these parameters with each other indicates that the transport of Saginaw River water can now be traced by a number of water quality features, one or more of which are directly detected by LANDSAT. Five of the 12 water quality parameters are best correlated with LANDSAT band 6 measurements alone. One parameter (temperature) relates to band 5 alone and the remaining six may be predicted with varying degrees of accuracy from a combination of two bands (first band 6 and generally band 4 second)

Application of LANDSAT to the surveillance and control of lake eutrophication in the Great Lakes basin

The author has identified the following significant results. Computer techniques were developed for mapping water quality parameters from LANDSAT data, using surface samples collected in an ongoing survey of water quality in Saginaw Bay. Chemical and biological parameters were measured on 31 July 1975 at 16 bay stations in concert with the LANDSAT overflight. Application of stepwise linear regression bands to nine of these parameters and corresponding LANDSAT measurements for bands 4 and 5 only resulted in regression correlation coefficients that varied from 0.94 for temperature to 0.73 for Secchi depth. Regression equations expressed with the pair of bands 4 and 5, rather than the ratio band 4/band 5, provided higher correlation coefficients for all the water quality parameters studied (temperature, Secchi depth, chloride, conductivity, total kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, total solids, and suspended solids)

Enterprise Risk Management In The Oil And Gas Industry: An Analysis Of Selected Fortune 500 Oil And Gas Companies Reaction In 2009 And 2010

In 2009, four of the top ten Fortune 500 companies were classified within the oil and gas industry. Organizations of this size typically have an advanced Enterprise Risk Management system in place to mitigate risk and to achieve their corporations\u27 objectives. The companies and the article utilize the Enterprise Risk Management Integrated Framework developed by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) as a guide to organize their risk management and reporting. The authors used the framework to analyze reporting years 2009 and 2010 for Fortune 500 oil and gas companies. After gathering and examining information from 2009 and 2010 annual reports, 10-K filings, and proxy statements, the article examines how the selected companies are implementing requirements identified in the previously mentioned publications. Each section examines the companies Enterprise Risk Management system, risk appetite, and any other notable information regarding risk management. One observation was the existence or non-existence of a Chief Risk Officer or other Senior Level Manager in charge of risk management. Other observations included identified risks, such as changes in economic, regulatory, and political environments in the different countries where the corporations do business. Still others identify risks, such as increases in certain costs that exceed natural inflation, volatility and instability of market conditions. Fortune 500 oil and gas companies included in this analysis are ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Baker Hughes, Valero Energy, and Frontier Oil Corporation. An analysis revealed a sophisticated understanding and reporting of many types of risks, including those associated with increasing production capacity. Specific risks identified by companies included start-up timing, operational outages, weather events, regulatory changes, geo-political and cyber security risks, among others. Mitigation efforts included portfolio management and financial strength. There is evidence that companies in later reports (2013) are more comprehensive in their risk management and reports as evidenced by their 10-K and Proxy Statements (Marathon Oil Corporation, 2013)

Postsynaptic Ca2+, but not cumulative depolarization, is necessary for the induction of associative plasticity in Hermissenda

The neuronal modifications that underlie associative memory in Hermissenda have their origins in a synaptic interaction between the visual and vestibular systems, and can be mimicked by contiguous in vitro stimulation of these converging pathways. At the offset of vestibular stimulation (i.e., hair cell activity), the B photoreceptors are briefly released from synaptic inhibition resulting in a slight depolarization (2–4 mV). If contiguous pairings of light-induced depolarization and presynaptic vestibular activity occur in close temporal succession, this depolarization “accumulates” and has been hypothesized to culminate in a sustained rise in intracellular Ca2+ and a resultant Ca(2+)-mediated phosphorylation of K+ channels as well as an associated increase in input resistance. Here we demonstrate that this cumulative depolarization is neither necessary nor sufficient for the biophysical modifications of the B cell membrane indicative of memory formation. Consistent with several recent reports of one-trial learning in Hermissenda, one pairing of light with mechanical stimulation of the vestibular hair cells resulted in a rise in neuronal input resistance across the B cell membrane that was attenuated by a prepairing iontophoretic injection of the Ca2+ chelator EGTA (25 mM), indicating that this potentiation was Ca2+ dependent. However, the use of a single pairing negates the possibility of an accumulation of depolarization across trials. In a subsequent experiment, B photoreceptors underwent a cumulative depolarization, and a coincident rise in input resistance, during multiple pairings of light and hair cell stimulation. However, if the B photoreceptor was voltage clamped at its initial resting potential before and after each pairing, thus eliminating the cumulative depolarization, the rise in resistance not only persisted, but was enhanced. Moreover, if unpaired light presentations were followed by a current-induced depolarization (to mimic cumulative depolarization), no increase in input resistance was detected. To assess directly the effect of a cumulative depolarization on the voltage-dependent Ca2+ current, an analysis of the inward current on the B cell soma membrane was conducted. It was determined that (1) the inward current may undergo a partial inactivation during sustained depolarization, (2) the peak current was depressed during repetitive depolarizations, and (3) the peak current underwent a steady- state inactivation, such that it was reduced when elicited from holding potentials more positive than -60 mV. The analysis of this current suggests that pairings of light and presynaptic activity would reduce voltage-dependent Ca2+ influx when those pairings are conducted at depolarized membrane potentials, such as during cumulative depolarization

Wind tunnel test 0A113 of the 0.010-scale space shuttle orbiter model 51-0 in the calspan hypersonic shock tunnel (48-inch leg)

Results are presented of wind tunnel test conducted Hypersonic Shock Tunnel using a 0.010-scale 140A/B configuration orbiter model designated 51-0. The test objectives were: (1) to obtain force and moment data at various Mach numbers and Reynolds numbers from which viscous interaction effects on stability and control may be determined. (1) To provide flow visualization data from which the effects of control surface separation may be evaluated. and (3) To obtain pressure data in conjunction with force and moment data to assist in analyzing viscous interaction and flow separation effects. Data were obtained at angles-of-attack of 20 deg, 30 deg, 40 deg, and 50 deg. The Mach number range covered was from 10 to 16 and the viscous interaction parameter range was from 0.01 to 0.06

Project baldy- an investigation of aerodynamically-induced balloon motions final report

Balloon motion and wind measurement error

Fresnel concentrating collector

An advanced point focusing solar technology demonstrated potential for near term commercialization as a renewable energy technology. The design features combine to produce a highly efficient, low cost, safe, adaptable, durable system which is simple to manufacture, install and maintain

Causal and Stable Input/Output Structures on Multidimensional Behaviours

In this work we study multidimensional (nD) linear differential behaviours with a distinguished independent variable called "time". We define in a natural way causality and stability on input/output structures with respect to this distinguished direction. We make an extension of some results in the theory of partial differential equations, demonstrating that causality is equivalent to a property of the transfer matrix which is essentially hyperbolicity of the Pc operator defining the behaviour (Bc)0,y We also quote results which in effect characterise time autonomy for the general systems case. Stability is likewise characterized by a property of the transfer matrix. We prove this result for the 2D case and for the case of a single equation; for the general case it requires solution of an open problem concerning the geometry of a particular set in Cn. In order to characterize input/output stability we also develop new results on inclusions of kernels, freeness of variables, and closure with respect to S,S' and associated spaces, which are of independent interest. We also discuss stability of autonomous behaviours, which we beleive to be governed by a corresponding condition

Improved aircraft reaction nozzles

Reaction control nozzle requires low operating forces and has linear and predictable jet thrust vs nozzle exit area and position. Nozzle thrust vector is controllable by single rotary motion