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Association of Previous Measles Infection With Markers of Acute Infectious Disease Among 9- to 59-Month-Old Children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
BackgroundTransient immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to other infections after measles infection is well known, but recent studies have suggested the occurrence of an "immune amnesia" that could have long-term immunosuppressive effects.MethodsWe examined the association between past measles infection and acute episodes of fever, cough, and diarrhea among 2350 children aged 9 to 59 months whose mothers were selected for interview in the 2013-2014 Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Classification of children who had had measles was completed using maternal recall and measles immunoglobulin G serostatus obtained via dried-blood-spot analysis with a multiplex immunoassay. The association with time since measles infection and fever, cough, and diarrhea outcomes was also examined.ResultsThe odds of fever in the previous 2 weeks were 1.80 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-2.60) among children for whom measles was reported compared to children with no history of measles. Measles vaccination demonstrated a protective association against selected clinical markers of acute infectious diseases.ConclusionOur results suggest that measles might have a long-term effect on selected clinical markers of acute infectious diseases among children aged 9 to 59 months in the DRC. These findings support the immune-amnesia hypothesis suggested by others and underscore the need for continued evaluation and improvement of the DRC's measles vaccination program
Entanglement in gapless resonating valence bond states
We study resonating-valence-bond (RVB) states on the square lattice of spins
and of dimers, as well as SU(N)-invariant states that interpolate between the
two. These states are ground states of gapless models, although the
SU(2)-invariant spin RVB state is also believed to be a gapped liquid in its
spinful sector. We show that the gapless behavior in spin and dimer RVB states
is qualitatively similar by studying the R\'enyi entropy for splitting a torus
into two cylinders, We compute this exactly for dimers, showing it behaves
similarly to the familiar one-dimensional log term, although not identically.
We extend the exact computation to an effective theory believed to interpolate
among these states. By numerical calculations for the SU(2) RVB state and its
SU(N)-invariant generalizations, we provide further support for this belief. We
also show how the entanglement entropy behaves qualitatively differently for
different values of the R\'enyi index , with large values of proving a
more sensitive probe here, by virtue of exhibiting a striking even/odd effect.Comment: 44 pages, 14 figures, published versio
Assessment of the effects of sulfate and nitrate on the temporal evolution of Klebsiella oxytoca and Staphylococcus aureus abundance under shaking conditions, in aquatic microcosm
Most chemicals in natural aquatic media can be assimilated by bacteria. The impact of various environmental conditions on this microbial process is not always clear. This study aimed at investigating changes in the abundance of Klebsiella oxytoca and Staphylococcus aureus under different shaking conditions, in aquatic microcosms containing nitrate and sulfate. Sodium chloride solution (8.5 g NaClâ˘L-1), and nitrate and sulfate solutions (0.005, 0.05, 0.5 and 5 gâ˘L-1) containing bacteria were supplemented with tryptic peptone at a final concentration of 10 gâ˘L-1. The solutions were incubated under shaking conditions (300, 350 and 400 revâ˘min-1). Bacteriological analyses were performed hourly over a 6-h period. During the first 3 h of incubation, results showed that the highest values of the apparent cell growth rates (CAGRs) with K2SO4 in pure cultures, at a shaking speed 400 revâ˘min-1, were 0.656 h-1 for S. aureus, and 0.364 h-1 for K. oxytoca. In mixed culture, the CAGR was 0.235 h-1 for S. aureus, and 0.388 h-1 for K. oxytoca, both recorded at 300 revâ˘min-1. With KNO3 in pure culture solutions, the CAGR was 0.353 h-1 for S. aureus at 300 revâ˘min-1, and 0.367 h-1 for K. oxytoca at 350 revâ˘min-1. In mixed culture it was 0.454 h-1 for S. aureus and 0.393 h-1 for K. oxytoca, both recorded at 350 revâ˘min-1. The highest value of the apparent cell inhibition rate (CAIR) for S. aureus was 0.520 h-1 in K2SO4 (5 gâ˘L-1, 400 revâ˘min-1), and 0.115 h-1 in KNO3 (5 gâ˘L-1, 300 revâ˘min-1). For K. oxytoca, it was 0.07 h-1 in K2SO4 in pure culture (0.05 gâ˘L-1, 300 revâ˘min-1), and 0.044 h-1 in mixed culture (0.05 gâ˘L-1, 350 revâ˘min-1). In KNO3 it was 0.239 h-1 in mixed culture (5 gâ˘L-1, 300 revâ˘min-1). The growth and inhibition potentials of different microbial species were impacted by the chemical concentrations and the movement speeds.Lâimpact de diverses conditions environnementales sur lâassimilation bactĂŠrienne dans lâeau, des composĂŠs chimiques est peu connu. La prĂŠsente ĂŠtude a visĂŠ lâĂŠvaluation de la dynamique dâabondance de Klebsiella oxytoca et Staphylococcus aureus sous diverses conditions, en milieu aquatique microcosme contenant du sulfate ou nitrate. Des solutions du NaCl (8,5 gâ˘L-1), sulfate et nitrate (0,005, 0,05, 0,5 et 5 gâ˘L-1) contenant des cellules ont ĂŠtĂŠ enrichies Ă la peptone trypsique (concentration finale 10 gâ˘L-1), puis incubĂŠes sous conditions dynamiques (300, 350 et 400 trâ˘min-1). Les analyses bactĂŠriologiques ont ĂŠtĂŠ effectuĂŠes pendant 6 h. Il ressort quâau cours des trois premières heures d'incubation, le taux de croissance cellulaire apparent (TCCA) le plus ĂŠlevĂŠ en culture pure, contenant du K2SO4, est de 0,656 h-1 pour S. aureus, et 0,364 h-1 pour K. oxytoca, enregistrĂŠs Ă 400 trâ˘min-1. En culture mixte, il est de 0,235 h-1 pour S. aureus, et 0,388 h-1 pour K. oxytoca, enregistrĂŠs Ă 300 trâ˘min-1. Avec du KNO3, en culture pure, le TCCA est de 0,353 h-1 pour S. aureus Ă 300 trâ˘min-1, et 0,367 h-1 Ă 350 trâ˘min-1 pour K. oxytoka. En culture mixte, il est de 0,454 h-1 pour S. aureus et 0,393 h-1 pour K. oxytoca, enregistrĂŠs Ă 350 trâ˘min-1. Le taux dâinhibition cellulaire apparent (TICA) le plus ĂŠlevĂŠ de S. aureus est de 0,520 h-1 en prĂŠsence du K2SO4 (5 gâ˘L-1, 400 trâ˘min-1), et 0,115 h-1 en prĂŠsence de KNO3 (5 gâ˘L-1, 300 trâ˘min-1). Pour K. oxytoca, il est de 0,07 h-1 avec du K2SO4 en culture pure (0,05 gâ˘L-1, 300 trâ˘min-1), et 0,044 h-1 en culture mixte (0,05 gâ˘L-1, 350 trâ˘min-1). Avec du KNO3, il est de 0,239 h-1 en culture mixte (5 gâ˘L-1, 300 trâ˘min-1). La croissance et lâinhibition des microorganismes sont affectĂŠes par les concentrations en sels et la vitesse de mouvements du milieu
Titania-doped tantala/silica coatings for gravitational-wave detection
Reducing thermal noise from optical coatings is crucial to reaching the required sensitivity in next generation interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. Here we show that adding TiO2 to Ta2O5 in Ta2O5/SiO2 coatings reduces the internal friction and in addition present data confirming it reduces thermal noise. We also show that TiO2-doped Ta2O5/SiO2 coatings are close to satisfying the optical absorption requirements of second generation gravitational-wave detectors
Study on voluntary arrangements for collaborative working in the field of construction services [Contract No SI2.ICNPROCE015827500] Final Report Part 1: Main Report
Proposal of an extended t-J Hamiltonian for high-Tc cuprates from ab initio calculations on embedded clusters
A series of accurate ab initio calculations on Cu_pO-q finite clusters,
properly embedded on the Madelung potential of the infinite lattice, have been
performed in order to determine the local effective interactions in the CuO_2
planes of La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_4 compounds. The values of the first-neighbor
interactions, magnetic coupling (J_{NN}=125 meV) and hopping integral
(t_{NN}=-555 meV), have been confirmed. Important additional effects are
evidenced, concerning essentially the second-neighbor hopping integral
t_{NNN}=+110meV, the displacement of a singlet toward an adjacent colinear
hole, h_{SD}^{abc}=-80 meV, a non-negligible hole-hole repulsion
V_{NN}-V_{NNN}=0.8 eV and a strong anisotropic effect of the presence of an
adjacent hole on the values of the first-neighbor interactions. The dependence
of J_{NN} and t_{NN} on the position of neighbor hole(s) has been rationalized
from the two-band model and checked from a series of additional ab initio
calculations. An extended t-J model Hamiltonian has been proposed on the basis
of these results. It is argued that the here-proposed three-body effects may
play a role in the charge/spin separation observed in these compounds, that is,
in the formation and dynamic of stripes.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Publishing and sharing multi-dimensional image data with OMERO
Imaging data are used in the life and biomedical sciences to measure the molecular and structural composition and dynamics of cells, tissues, and organisms. Datasets range in size from megabytes to terabytes and usually contain a combination of binary pixel data and metadata that describe the acquisition process and any derived results. The OMERO image data management platform allows users to securely share image datasets according to specific permissions levels: data can be held privately, shared with a set of colleagues, or made available via a public URL. Users control access by assigning data to specific Groups with defined membership and access rights. OMEROâs Permission system supports simple data sharing in a lab, collaborative data analysis, and even teaching environments. OMERO software is open source and released by the OME Consortium at www.openmicroscopy.org
Multimorbidity in middle age predicts more subsequent hospital admissions than in older age:A nine-year retrospective cohort study of 121,188 discharged in-patients
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