26 research outputs found
Glosa do wyroku Wojew贸dzkiego S膮du Administracyjnego w Warszawie z dnia 25 czerwca 2019 r. (VI SA/Wa 904/19)
The provisions of Article 99 (4) of the Pharmaceutical Law Act stipulate the requirements for obtaining a permit for operating a generally accessible pharmacy by a given entity. The entity operating the pharmacy obtained permission before the amendment of this provision by the amendment to the Pharmaceutical Law, but applied for its change after the entry into force of this amendment. Both the Voivodeship Pharmaceutical Inspector and the Main Pharmaceutical Inspector concluded that the entity applying for a change of authorization to operate a pharmacy, which it obtained before the entry into force of the Amendment Act, must meet the requirements imposed by the currently applicable provisions of the Pharmaceutical Law. The Voivodeship Administrative Court in Warsaw annulled the decisions of both instances appealed by the entity requesting a change of authorization. The gloss to the Court鈥檚 judgement is critical, in particular as regards the Court鈥檚 interpretation of the inter-temporal provisions contained in the Amending Act.Postanowienia art. 99 ust. 4 ustawy Prawo farmaceutyczne przewiduj膮 wymagania dla uzyskania pozwolenia na prowadzenie apteki og贸lnodost臋pnej przez dany podmiot. Podmiot prowadz膮cy aptek臋 uzyska艂 zezwolenie przed zmian膮 tego przepisu przez nowel臋 Prawa farmaceutycznego, ale wyst膮pi艂 o jego zmian臋 po wej艣ciu w 偶ycie tej noweli. Zar贸wno Wojew贸dzki Inspektor Farmaceutyczny, jak i G艂贸wny Inspektor Farmaceutyczny uznali, 偶e podmiot wyst臋puj膮c o zmian臋 zezwolenia na prowadzenie apteki, kt贸re to zezwolenie uzyska艂 przed wej艣ciem w 偶ycie ustawy nowelizuj膮cej, musi spe艂nia膰 wymogi na艂o偶one obecnie obowi膮zuj膮cymi przepisami Prawa farmaceutycznego. Wojew贸dzki S膮d Administracyjny w Warszawie uchyli艂 zaskar偶one przez podmiot wnioskuj膮cy o zmian臋 zezwolenia decyzje obu instancji. Glosa do wyroku S膮du jest krytyczna, w szczeg贸lno艣ci w zakresie interpretacji przez S膮d przepis贸w intertemporalnych zawartych w ustawie nowelizuj膮cej
Single-shot experimental-numerical twin-image removal in lensless digital holographic microscopy
Lensless digital holographic microscopy (LDHM) offers very large
field-of-view label-free imaging crucial, e.g., in high-throughput particle
tracking and biomedical examination of cells and tissues. Compact layouts
promote point-of-case and out-of-laboratory applications. The LDHM, based on
the Gabor in-line holographic principle, is inherently spoiled by the
twin-image effect, which complicates the quantitative analysis of reconstructed
phase and amplitude maps. Popular family of solutions consists of numerical
methods, which tend to minimize twin-image upon iterative process based on data
redundancy. Additional hologram recordings are needed, and final results
heavily depend on the algorithmic parameters, however. In this contribution we
present a novel single-shot experimental-numerical twin-image removal technique
for LDHM. It leverages two-source off-axis hologram recording deploying simple
fiber splitter. Additionally, we introduce a novel phase retrieval numerical
algorithm specifically tailored to the acquired holograms, that provides
twin-image-free reconstruction without compromising the resolution. We
quantitatively and qualitatively verify proposed method employing phase test
target and cheek cells biosample. The results demonstrate that the proposed
technique enables low-cost, out-of-laboratory LDHM imaging with enhanced
precision, achieved through the elimination of twin-image errors. This
advancement opens new avenues for more accurate technical and biomedical
imaging applications using LDHM, particularly in scenarios where cost-effective
and portable imaging solutions are desired
DeepOrientation: convolutional neural network for fringe pattern orientation map estimation
Fringe pattern based measurement techniques are the state-of-the-art in
full-field optical metrology. They are crucial both in macroscale, e.g., fringe
projection profilometry, and microscale, e.g., label-free quantitative phase
microscopy. Accurate estimation of the local fringe orientation map can
significantly facilitate the measurement process on various ways, e.g., fringe
filtering (denoising), fringe pattern boundary padding, fringe skeletoning
(contouring/following/tracking), local fringe spatial frequency (fringe period)
estimation and fringe pattern phase demodulation. Considering all of that the
accurate, robust and preferably automatic estimation of local fringe
orientation map is of high importance. In this paper we propose novel numerical
solution for local fringe orientation map estimation based on convolutional
neural network and deep learning called DeepOrientation. Numerical simulations
and experimental results corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed
DeepOrientation comparing it with the representative of the classical approach
to orientation estimation called combined plane fitting/gradient method. The
example proving the effectiveness of DeepOrientation in fringe pattern
analysis, which we present in this paper is the application of DeepOrientation
for guiding the phase demodulation process in Hilbert spiral transform. In
particular, living HeLa cells quantitative phase imaging outcomes verify the
method as an important asset in label-free microscopy
Hilbert phase microscopy based on pseudo thermal illumination in Linnik configuration
Quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) is often based on recording an
object-reference interference pattern and its further phase demodulation. We
propose Pseudo Hilbert Phase Microscopy (PHPM) where we combine pseudo thermal
light source illumination and Hilbert spiral transform phase demodulation to
achieve hybrid hardware-software-driven noise robustness and increase in
resolution of single-shot coherent QPM. Those advantageous features stem from
physically altering the laser spatial coherence and numerically restoring
spectrally overlapped object spatial frequencies. Capabilities of the PHPM are
demonstrated analyzing calibrated phase targets and live HeLa cells in
comparison with laser illumination and phase demodulation via temporal phase
shifting and Fourier transform techniques. Performed studies verified unique
ability of the PHPM to couple single-shot imaging, noise minimization, and
preservation of phase details
Accurate automatic object 4D tracking in digital in鈥憀ine holographic microscopy based on computationally rendered dark fields
Building on Gabor seminal principle, digital in-line holographic microscopy provides efficient means for space-time investigations of large volumes of interest. Thus, it has a pivotal impact on particle tracking that is crucial in advancing various branches of science and technology, e.g., microfluidics and biophysical processes examination (cell motility, migration, interplay etc.). Well-established algorithms often rely on heavily regularized inverse problem modelling and encounter limitations in terms of tracking accuracy, hologram signal-to-noise ratio, accessible object volume, particle concentration and computational burden. This work demonstrates the DarkTrack algorithm a new approach to versatile, fast, precise, and robust 4D holographic tracking based on deterministic computationally rendered high-contrast dark fields. Its unique capabilities are quantitatively corroborated employing a novel numerical engine for simulating Gabor holographic recording of time-variant volumes filled with predefined dynamic particles. Our solution accounts for multiple scattering and thus it is poised to secure an important gap in holographic particle tracking technology and allow for ground-truth-driven benchmarking and quantitative assessment of tracking algorithms. Proof-of-concept experimental evaluation of DarkTrack is presented via analyzing live spermatozoa. Software supporting both novel numerical holographic engine and DarkTrack algorithm is made open access, which opens new possibilities and sets the stage for democratization of robust holographic 4D particle examination
Communications interception and obtaining telecommunications billings by authorised entities within their operational and intelligence activities in Poland
Przedmiotem artyku艂u jest problematyka pozyskiwania przez tzw. uprawnione podmioty, np. Policj臋, w ramach czynno艣ci operacyjno-rozpoznawczych, korespondencji, przesy艂ek i wykazu po艂膮cze艅. W Polsce, poza s膮dami i prokuratur膮, podmioty te s膮 uprawnione do pozyskiwania tego
rodzaju informacji. Uprawnienia wskazanych podmiot贸w s膮 przewidziane w ustawach szczeg贸lnych, kt贸re reguluj膮 ich dzia艂alno艣膰. W wyroku z dnia 30 lipca 2014 r., sygn. K 23/11, polski Trybuna艂 Konstytucyjny stwierdzi艂 niezgodno艣膰 szeregu przepis贸w reguluj膮cych czynno艣ci
operacyjno-rozpoznawcze z postanowieniami polskiej Konstytucji. Nowela ustaw reguluj膮cych
te uprawnienia uwzgl臋dnia wyrok Trybuna艂u Konstytucyjnego. Artyku艂 omawia zmiany i przedstawia nowe uregulowania w tym zakresie.The article focuses on the issue of communications interception and obtaining telecommunications
billings by authorised entities, e.g. the Police, within their operational and surveillance activities.
In Poland, apart from courts and the prosecution service, these entities are authorised to collect
this information. Their entitlements are laid down in statutes regulating their functioning. The
Constitutional Tribunal of the Republic of Poland in its ruling of 30 July 2014, K 23/11, stated
that a series of provisions regulating operational and surveillance activities are in contradiction to
the Constitution. The amendments to these acts take into account the ruling of the Constitutional
Tribunal. The article discusses the changes and presents the new solutions
Appeals in an auction conducted pursuant to the provisions of the Telecommunications Law in order to allocate frequencies
Przepisy prawa telekomunikacyjnego reguluj膮 przeprowadzenie aukcji w celu rozdysponowania cz臋stotliwo艣ci niezb臋dnych do 艣wiadczenia us艂ug w technologii 5G. Po raz pierwszy przewidziano w przepisach wymagania w zakresie bezpiecze艅stwa infrastruktury telekomunikacyjnej. Przedmiotem analizy jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie 艣rodki zaskar偶enia przys艂uguj膮 jakim podmiotom na poszczeg贸lnych etapach prowadzonej aukcji, a tak偶e w okresie j膮 poprzedzaj膮cym. W szczeg贸lno艣ci zbadano, czy 艣rodki zaskar偶enia przys艂uguj膮 od akt贸w lub czynno艣ci z zakresu administracji publicznej podejmowanych w okresie poprzedzaj膮cym aukcj臋 lub przypadaj膮cym na jej rozpocz臋cie.The provisions of the telecommunications law regulate the conduct of auctions in order to allocate the frequencies necessary to provide services in 5G technology. For the first time, the regulations provide for security requirements for telecommunications infrastructure. The subject of the analysis is to answer the question what are the legal remedies and which entities are entitled to use them at various stages of the auction, as well as in the period preceding it. In particular, it was examined whether it is possible to bring appeals against acts or actions in the field of public administration undertaken in the period preceding or commencing the auction
The concept of evidence obtained from electronic correspondence
This article addresses cross-border cooperation between Polish law enforcement authorities and those of other European Union Member States in obtaining electronic evidence in criminal matters. It discusses provisions such as Article 589g 搂 1, Article 589l 搂 1, Article 589w 搂 4, and Article 589ze 搂 10 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CCP), focusing on defining electronic evidence. Currently, there are no legal definitions for these terms. The article posits that the existing definitions of electronic evidence are imprecise and lead to interpretational doubts. Therefore, it is crucial to organise the conceptual framework in the CCP by creating new definitions or clarifying existing ones. The analysis incorporates the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2023/1543 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2023 on European Production Orders and European Preservation Orders for electronic evidence in criminalproceedings and the execution of custodial sentences following criminal proceedings
Umowy o 艣wiadczenie us艂ug telekomunikacyjnych na czas okre艣lony (art. 56 ust. 4a prawa telekomunikacyjnego)
The article discusses the latest change in the Telecommunications Law, i.e. the
amendment of 21 December 2012, which limits the fixed time contracts to provide
telecommunications services to a maximum period of 24 months (Article 56 item
4a of the Telecommunications Law). The regulation is an implementation of Article
30 item 5 of the Directive on Common Services. The regulation of Article 56 item
4a of the Telecommunications Law has been in force for a few months but its
implementation has caused many doubts. Especially, if the regulation of Article
56 item 4a of the Telecommunications Law refers to the first time contract with
a customer or to every next one, too; for what period should the first contract be
entered into to make the ban imposed by the regulation invalid; whether in case of
the first and the second contract the services must be the same and provided by the
same company; whether the regulation covers only new contracts or also the old
ones that were entered into before the amendment came into force and from what
time it should cover those two types of contracts. The article gives answers to these
practical questions.Artyku艂 jest po艣wi臋cony ostatniej zmianie Prawa telekomunikacyjnego wprowadzonej
nowel膮 z 21 grudnia 2012 r. a polegaj膮cej na ograniczeniu zawierania um贸w na czas
okre艣lony w zakresie us艂ug telekomunikacyjnych na okres nie d艂u偶szy ni偶 24 miesi膮ce (art. 56 ust. 4a Prawa telekomunikacyjnego). Przepis ten stanowi implementacje
postanowie艅 art. 30 ust. 5 dyrektywy o us艂udze powszechnej. Przepis art. 56 ust. 4a
Prawa telekomunikacyjnego obowi膮zuje zaledwie kilka miesi臋cy, ale jego stosowanie w praktyce wywo艂a艂o ju偶 wiele w膮tpliwo艣ci. W szczeg贸lno艣ci, czy przepis art. 56
ust. 4a Prawa telekomunikacyjnego ma zastosowanie do pierwszej umowy zawartej
przez konsumenta czy te偶 tak偶e do ka偶dej kolejnej; na jaki okres czasu mo偶e by膰
zawarta pierwsza umowa, aby zakaz wynikaj膮cy z tego przepisu nie obowi膮zywa艂; czy
w przypadku pierwszej i drugiej umowy musz膮 to by膰 te same us艂ugi tego samego
przedsi臋biorcy; czy przepis ten ma zastosowanie tylko do nowych um贸w czy te偶 do
starych, tj. zawartych przed dniem wej艣cia w 偶ycie noweli i od kiedy ma zastosowanie
do tych dw贸ch grup um贸w. Artyku艂 udziela odpowiedzi na te praktyczne pytania
Gloss to the Judgement of the Voivodeship Administrative Court in Warsaw of 25 June 2019 (VI SA/Wa 904/19)
Postanowienia art. 99 ust. 4 ustawy Prawo farmaceutyczne przewiduj膮 wymagania dla uzyskania pozwolenia na prowadzenie apteki og贸lnodost臋pnej przez dany podmiot. Podmiot prowadz膮cy aptek臋 uzyska艂 zezwolenie przed zmian膮 tego przepisu przez nowel臋 Prawa farmaceutycznego, ale wyst膮pi艂 o jego zmian臋 po wej艣ciu w 偶ycie tej noweli. Zar贸wno Wojew贸dzki Inspektor Farmaceutyczny, jak i G艂贸wny Inspektor Farmaceutyczny uznali, 偶e podmiot wyst臋puj膮c o zmian臋 zezwolenia na prowadzenie apteki, kt贸re to zezwolenie uzyska艂 przed wej艣ciem w 偶ycie ustawy nowelizuj膮cej, musi spe艂nia膰 wymogi na艂o偶one obecnie obowi膮zuj膮cymi przepisami Prawa farmaceutycznego. Wojew贸dzki S膮d Administracyjny w Warszawie uchyli艂 zaskar偶one przez podmiot wnioskuj膮cy o zmian臋 zezwolenia decyzje obu instancji. Glosa do wyroku S膮du jest krytyczna, w szczeg贸lno艣ci w zakresie interpretacji przez S膮d przepis贸w intertemporalnych zawartych w ustawie nowelizuj膮cej.The provisions of Article 99 (4) of the Pharmaceutical Law Act stipulate the requirements for obtaining a permit for operating a generally accessible pharmacy by a given entity. The entity operating the pharmacy obtained permission before the amendment of this provision by the amendment to the Pharmaceutical Law, but applied for its change after the entry into force of this amendment. Both the Voivodeship Pharmaceutical Inspector and the Main Pharmaceutical Inspector concluded that the entity applying for a change of authorization to operate a pharmacy, which it obtained before the entry into force of the Amendment Act, must meet the requirements imposed by the currently applicable provisions of the Pharmaceutical Law. The Voivodeship Administrative Court in Warsaw annulled the decisions of both instances appealed by the entity requesting a change of authorization. The gloss to the Court鈥檚 judgement is critical, in particular as regards the Court鈥檚 interpretation of the inter-temporal provisions contained in the Amending Act